FEEDING MANAGEMENT

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FEEDING MANAGEMENT

• Frederick B. Muyot
• Sr. Aquaculturist
• National Fisheries Biological Center

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FEEDING MANAGEMENT

• One of the important aspects in the breeding and
  culture of fishes
• In aquaculture, comprise of about 40-60 of
  production cost
• Feeds must be cost-effective and efficient

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Categories of fishes based on food preference

• Herbivore - prefers food which are plant-based
• Carnivore - eats other aquatic animals
• Omnivore - eats both plant and animal-based foods
• Few ornamental species are categorized as
  strictly carnivores or herbivores
• Most are omnivores

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Food Habits

• Grazers nibble at plants or pick at small
  plankton or benthic animals
• Filter feeders feeds on planktonic plants and
  animals by straining concentrations of planktons
• Bottom feeders or scavengers plant animal
  debris (detritus)
• Predator preys on other aquatic animals

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Feed Types

• Fresh live foods live animals given as feeds
  (Artemia, Daphnia, Moina, bloodworms)
• Frozen foods animal or plant matter given as
  foods and stored in freezer (meats of fish,
  squid, beef heart, spinach)
• Dried or Freeze-dried foods available in
  petshops or markets (dried alamang, krill, water
  fleas and freeze-dried plankton)
• Artificial feeds flakes, mash, crumbled, pellets

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Factors Affecting Feeding Activity of Fish

• Type of food given
• Feed composition and quality
• Water quality
• Stocking density
• Presence of competitors
• Diseases

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Basic Food Elements Needed by Fish

• Protein provides energy and builds body tissues
• amino acids
• Carbohydrates source of energy
• starch, glucose, fructose, fiber
• Fats also energy foods reserved energy
• fatty acids
• Vitamins assist in metabolic process in the
  body
• oil soluble vitamins A, D, E, K
• water soluble vitamins B, C, panthothenic acid,
  niacine, folic acid and others
• Minerals regulate fish activities theie
  physical structure
• phosphorus, calcium, copper, iron, magnesium,
  manganese and others

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Feeding the Fish

• Generally, fish consumes about 4-5 of their body
  weight
• In ponds where there is natural food present,
  fish could grow at a certain population density
  even without supplemental food
• Fish must be given 2-4 of their body weight

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Computing for amount of feeds to be given

• Amount of feed per day
• no. of fishes x ave. body weight of fish x
  feeding rate (e.g. 4)
• Example You have 1,000 goldfish with an average
  weight of 10g, and you will feed 4 of body
  weight per day
• Amount of feed per day 1,000 pcs x 10 g/pc x
  0.04
• 400 g feeds per day
• If feeding is twice a day, divide amount by 2
• 400 g/2
• 200 g per feeding

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Feeding Management

• Feeding is done at least twice a day
• For small fishes (live-bearers), feeding can be
  done based on demand (at satiation level)
• Artificial feeds such as finfish feeds, prawn
  feeds or combination of rice bran fish meal
  (20-30 fish meal, 80-70 rice bran) commonly
  used as feeds
• Broodstock given high protein foods
• Larvae or fry given tiny live foods (infusoria,
  Artemia, Moina)
• Juveniles could be given commercial feeds

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Feeding Management

• Feeding is done gradually, making sure all fish
  have eaten
• Feeds must be evenly distributed to the grow-out
  areas
• Avoid wastage of feeds

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Feeding Practice at NFBC

• Breeders
• Live-bearers prawn feeds (PO2) at satiation
  level
• Goldfish, Koi tilapia or bangus grower feeds
  (floating feeds preferred) alternated with prawn
  grower feeds at 2-4 feeding rate
• Angelfish prawn feeds starter crumble (PO2) at
  satiation level
• Fighting fish mosquito larvae or prawn feeds
  starter crumble at satiation level

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Feeding Practice at NFBC

• Breeders
• Red pacu, hammerhead, tinfoil barb, rainbow shark
  (fishes for induced breeding) tilapia or bangus
  grower feeds during non-breeding season and
  grouper or prawn grower feeds 3 months before and
  during breeding season at 3-4 feeding rate
• Cichlid mouthbrooders (blue kenai, auratis, 14-K,
  ice blue) tilapia or bangus crumble feeds
  alternated with prawn feeds at 2-4 feeding rate
• Flowerhorn flowerhorn feeds

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Feeding Practice at NFBC

• Breeders
• Gourami tilapia or bangus crumble feeds
  alternated with prawn feeds starter crumble at
  2-4 body weight
• Larval Rearing
• Live-bearers powdered prawn feeds at satiation
  level
• Goldfish, Koi, angelfish, flowerhorn, cichlid
  mouthbrooders, induced fishes Artemia nauplii
  for 5-10 days
• Fighting fish, gourami infusoria for 2-3 days,
  then Artemia for 5-7 days

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Feeding Practice at NFBC

• Nursery rearing and grow-out
• Live-bearers powdered prawn starter feeds,
  tilapia or bangus fry mash at satiation level
  until harvest
• Goldfish, koi, angelfish, flowerhorn, cichlid
  mouthbrooders, induced fishes fry mash for
  small fishes, crumbled feeds for juveniles and
  grower pellets for larger sizes at 2-4 feeding
  rate
• Fighting fish, gourami powdered prawn feeds for
  small fishes prawn crumble feeds for juveniles
  until harvest at 2-4 feeding rate