The future and the future of probability

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Capítulo 8

• El futuro
• El condicional
• 3.El futuro perfecto
• 4.El condicional perfecto

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Capítulo 8
1. El futuro
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The Spanish future tense is formed with only one
set of endings for the -ar, -er, and -ir verbs.
For regular verbs, the endings are attached to
the infinitive, as follows
hablar
é
emos
hablar
éis
hablar
ás
hablar
á
hablar
án
hablar
Again, the infinitive is the basis for all forms
of regular verbs.
Notice that all forms except nosotros/as carry a
written accent.
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El futuro
Notice the following chart
tomar
comer
vivir
yo
tomaré
comeré
viviré
tú
tomarás
comerás
vivirás
él, ella, Ud.
tomará
comerá
vivirá
nosotros/as
tomaremos
comeremos
viviremos
vosotros/as
tomaréis
comeréis
viviréis
ellos/as, Uds.
tomarán
comerán
vivirán
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El futuro
In the present tense, we might say . . .
En la clase,
hablo español con el profesor,
leo un cuento chistoso, y
escribo unas frases.
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El futuro
In the future tense, we might say . . .
En la clase,
hablaré español con el profesor,
leeré un cuento chistoso, y
escribiré unas frases.
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Some Facts About the Future Tense
As in English, the Spanish future tense expresses
what will happen in the future. The English
equivalent is will verb.
Estudiaré informática en la universidad.
I will study computer science at the university.
Ustedes comprarán pronto otro disco duro.
You will buy a new hard drive soon.
Keep in mind that in English the subject and will
are often contracted Youll buy a new hard
drive soon.
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Some Facts About the Future Tense
Remember, however, that the present tense is
often used to express immediate future in Spanish.
El técnico viene para arreglar mi computadora hoy.
The technician will come (is coming) to fix my
computer today.
Termino mi trabajo esta tarde.
I will finish my paper this afternoon.
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Some Facts About the Future Tense
The future may also be conveyed with the present
tense of ir a infinitive.
Voy a arreglar la computadora.
I am going to fix the computer.
Vas a archivar ese documento?
Are you going to save that document?
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Some Facts About the Future Tense
The idea of willingness, sometimes expressed with
the English future, cannot be expressed with the
Spanish future tense. Use verbs like querer or
the simple present tense to express willingness.
Quieres ayudarme con la impresora?
Will you help me with the printer?
Me traes el otro programa?
Will you bring me the other program?
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Irregular Verbs in the Future Tense
Irregular verbs in the future are formed by
adding the future endings to an irregular stem.
The irregular stems can be grouped into three
categories.
1. Drop two letters to form the stem of the
future.
decir
d--ir
diré
diremos
diréis
dirás
dirán
dirá
hacer
ha
--r
haré
haremos
harás
haréis
harán
hará
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Irregular Verbs in the Future Tense
Irregular verbs in the future are formed by
adding the future endings to an irregular stem.
The irregular stems can be grouped into three
categories.
2. The e of the infinitive ending is dropped to
form the stem of the future.
haber
hab-
r
habré, habrás, . . .
poder
pod-r
podré, podrás, . . .
querer
quer-
r
querré, querrás, . . .
saber
sab-r
sabré, sabrás, . . .
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Irregular Verbs in the Future Tense
Irregular verbs in the future are formed by
adding the future endings to an irregular stem.
The irregular stems can be grouped into three
categories.
3. The e or the i of the infinitive ending is
replaced by d to form the stem of the future.
poner
pon-dr
pondré, pondrás, . . .
salir
sal-dr
saldré, saldrás, . . .
ten-dr
tener
-
tendré, tendrás, . . .
ven-dr
venir
vendré, vendrás, . . .
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Capítulo 8
2. El condicional
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In Spanish, the conditional of regular verbs is
formed by adding the imperfect endings for -er
and -ir verbs to the infinitive. The same
endings are used for -ar, -er, and -ir verbs.
hablar
ía
íamos
hablar
íais
hablar
hablar
ías
ía
hablar
ían
hablar
Again, the infinitive is the basis for all forms
of regular verbs.
Notice that all forms carry a written accent over
the i.
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El condicional
Notice the following chart
tomar
comer
vivir
yo
tomaría
comería
viviría
tú
tomarías
comerías
vivirías
él, ella, Ud.
tomaría
comería
viviría
nosotros/as
tomaríamos
comeríamos
viviríamos
vosotros/as
tomaríais
comeríais
viviríais
ellos/as, Uds.
tomarían
comerían
vivirían
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El condicional
The conditional expresses what you would do under
certain circumstances.
Reciclarías envases de aluminio?
Would you recycle aluminum cans?
Consumiríamos menos agua.
We would consume less water.
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El condicional
The conditional is also used when the speaker is
referring to an event that is future to another
past event.
In the future tense, we might say . . .
Mañana en la clase,
hablaré con el profesor,
leeré un cuento chistoso, y
escribiré unas frases.
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El condicional
The conditional is also used when the speaker is
referring to an event that is future to another
past event.
In the conditional tense, we would say . . .
Ayer te dije que hoy,
hablaría con el profesor,
leería un cuento chistoso, y
escribiría unas frases.
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El condicional
The conditional is also used when the speaker is
referring to an event that is future to another
past event.
More examples
Creíamos que habría más gente protestando
enfrente de la planta nuclear.
We thought there would be more people protesting
in front of the nuclear plant.
Nos dijo que no contaminarían el agua.
He told us they wouldnt pollute the water.
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A Time Line
the conditional
the present
(future in relation to the past)
the preterit
Te dije ayer que hablaría con Juan.
(ayer)
the present
Yo hablaré con Juan.
? Toward the past
Toward the future ?
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El condicional
The verb deber, when used in the conditional
tense, is equivalent to the English should
infinitive.
Deberías conservar recursos.
You should conserve resources.
Deberíamos hablar con el jefe lo antes posible.
We should speak with the boss as soon as possible.
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Irregular Verbs in the Conditional Tense
The conditional has the same irregular stems as
the future. 1. Drop two letters to form the stem
of the future.
decir
d
--r
diría
diríamos
diríais
dirías
dirían
diría
hacer
ha--r
haría
haríamos
harías
haríais
harían
haría
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Irregular Verbs in the Conditional Tense
The conditional has the same irregular stems as
the future.
2. The e of the infinitive ending is dropped to
form the stem of the future.
haber
hab-r
habría, habrías, . . .
poder
pod-r
podría, podrías, . . .
querer
quer-r
querría, querrías, . . .
saber
sab-r
sabría, sabrías, . . .
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Irregular Verbs in the Conditional Tense
The conditional has the same irregular stems as
the future.
3. The e or the i of the infinitive ending is
replaced by d to form the stem of the future.
poner
pon-dr
pondré, pondrás, . . .
salir
sal-dr
saldré, saldrás, . . .
ten-dr
tener
-
tendré, tendrás, . . .
ven-dr
venir
vendré, vendrás, . . .
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Capítulo 8
3. El futuro perfecto
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The Formation of the Future Perfect
The future perfect is formed with the future of
the auxiliary verb haber past participle.
habré
habremos
Past participlemasculine singular form only

habréis
habrás
habrá
habrán
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The Formation of the Future Perfect
Notice the following chart
Future
Past participle
yo
habré
tú
habrás
tomado
él, ella, Ud.
habrá
comido
nosotros/as
habremos
vivido
vosotros/as
habréis
ellos, ellas, Uds.
habrán
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The Use of the Future Perfect
The future perfect is used to express an action
which will have occurred by a certain point in
time.
Salma Hayek habrá hecho otra película para el
año que viene?
Will Salma Hayek have made another film by next
year?
Sí, habrá hecho dos.
Yes, she will have made two.
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The Use of the Future Perfect
The future perfect is used to express an action
which will have occurred by a certain point in
time.
Cuándo habrás terminado el editorial?
When will you have finished the editorial?
Lo habré terminado en diez minutos.
I will have finished it in ten minutes.
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The Use of the Future Perfect
The future perfect is used to express an action
which will have occurred by a certain point in
time.
Habrás comprado las entradas para cuando
lleguemos?
Will you have bought the tickets by the time we
arrive?
Habrán entregado los documentos para la fecha
límite.
They will have submitted the documents by the
deadline.
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Capítulo 8
4. El condicional perfecto
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The Formation of the Conditional Perfect
The conditional perfect is formed with the
conditional of the auxiliary verb haber past
participle.
habría
habríamos
Past participlemasculine singular form only

habríais
habrías
habría
habrían
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The Formation of the Conditional Perfect
Notice the following chart
Conditional
Past participle
yo
habría
tú
habrías
tomado
él, ella, Ud.
habría
comido
nosotros/as
habríamos
vivido
vosotros/as
habríais
ellos, ellas, Uds.
habrían
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The Use of the Conditional Perfect
The conditional perfect is used to express an
action which would or should have occurred but
did not.
Habría visto el drama, pero preferí la comedia.
I would have seen the drama, but I preferred the
comedy.
Habríamos grabado el programa, pero no teníamos
cinta.
We would have recorded the program, but we didnt
have a tape.
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The Use of the Conditional Perfect
The conditional perfect is used to express an
action which would or should have occurred but
did not.
De haber tenido el libro, habría leído la lección.
If I had had the book, I would have read the
lesson.
Me dijiste que ya habrías comprado las entradas.
You told me you would have already bought the
tickets.
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FIN