Social Cognitive Theory

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Social Cognitive Theory

• By Richard T. Patton

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Social Cognitive Theory

• In the social cognitive view people are
  neither driven by inner forces nor automatically
  shaped and controlled by external stimuli.
  Rather, human functioning is explained in terms
  of a triadic reciprocality in which behavior,
  cognitive and other personal factors, and
  environmental events all operate as interacting
  determinants of each other.
  
• Albert Bandura

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Social Cognitive Theory
Behavior of the Individual
Individual
Environment
RECIPROCAL DETERMINISM
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Social Cognitive Theory
Environment/Situation
Home- Family,
Friends Work- Staff,
Clients, Employer School-
Classmates, Teachers Leisure Activities-
Peers, Customers Community-
Neighbors, Leaders Society-
Models, Lawmakers
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Social Cognitive Theory
Observational Learning

• A person can learn from others

Modeled Events
Attention Retention Skills
Motivation
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Attention Process

• Influenced by the individuals needs, wants, and
  the degree of attractiveness of the
• Model Activity

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Retention Process

• Remembering what has been observed so the
  behavior can be imitated
• modeling

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Motor Reproduction Process (Skills)

• Physical activity necessary to replicate the
  situation

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Motivational Process

• Reinforcement
• Rewards or satisfaction in the process
• From environment, another person, self, or
  vicarious reinforcement
• Integral part of individual behavior

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Reinforcement

• Positive reward
• high likelihood of behavior occurring
• Negative punishment
• Less likelihood of behavior occurring in
  situations in which individual expects to receive
  punishment BUT not in other situations

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Social Cognitive Theory

• Outcome Expectations

Previous experiences Observing Others Hearing
about similar situations Emotional or Physical
response behavior

• Outcome Expectancies

Values a person places on a particular outcome
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Outcome Expectations

• Antecedent determinants of behavior
• i.e. a person learns that certain events are
  likely to occur in response to individual
  behavior in a particular situation

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Outcome Expectancies

• People develop expectations about a situation and
  expectations for outcomes of their behavior
  BEFORE they actually encounter the situation
• Therefore, reduce anxiety and increase their
  ability the handle the situation
• Example Friday night at the club

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Outcome Expectancies

• Incentives (values)
• All things being equal, a person will choose to
  perform an activity that maximizes a positive
  outcome or minimizes a negative outcome

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Social Cognitive Theory

• Behavioral Capacity

• Based on training, intellect, learning
• Knowledge of the Behavior
• Skills - How to perform it

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Social Cognitive Theory

• Self- Efficacy

Confidence about performing a particular
behavior

• Self Control

Degree that the Behavior is under the control of
the individual