AVIATION 120

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AVIATION 120

• Meteorology
• TAF CYDL 121539Z 121621 ADVISORY OFFSITE VRB03KT
  1SM BR BKN014 OVC040 TEMPO 1618 3SM BR SCT015
  BKN040 FM1800Z 14005KT P6SM SCT040 BKN140 TEMPO
  1820 3SM BR RMK NXT FCST BY 19Z

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Today's Agenda

• MIDTERM EXAM 30 of final grade!
• Wednesday October 18, 2006 1300 1450
• Review notes are posted on the AVIA120 website
• FINAL EXAM ?
• Upper Level Winds and Temperature Charts
• Significant Weather Prognostic Charts
• Surface Analysis Chart
• Upper Air Analysis Chart

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Upper Level Winds and Temperature Charts

• Upper level wind and temperature charts are
  issued by CMC for FL030, FL060, FL090, FL120 and
  FL180
• Upper level wind and temperature charts are
  issued by the Regional Area Forecast Centre
  (RAFC) in Washington, DC for FL240, FL340,FL390
  and FL450
• Winds are depicted using arrow shafts and
  pennants, full feathers and half feathers
• The orientation of the arrow shaft indicates wind
  direction in degrees true
• The pennants, full feathers and half feathers
  indicate winds of 50 Knots, 10 Knots and 5 Knots
  respectively
• Temperatures are indicated in degrees Celsius
• For the FL240, FL340, FL390 and FL450 charts,
  temperature values are negative unless otherwise
  noted

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Significant Weather Prognosis Charts

• SigWx PROGs
• North Atlantic (Surface to 400 hPa)
• Produced by CMC for 00Z and 12Z valid times
• Mid-Level FL100-240 (700-400 hPa)
• Produced by CMC, for 00Z, 06Z, 12Z, and 18Z valid
  times
• High Level FL250-630 (400-100hPa)
• Produced by RAFC in Washington DC for 00Z and 12Z
  valid times.
• Two charts are produced at each valid time.
• One shows significant weather conditions over
  Canada, the eastern United States and the North
  Atlantic the other shows these conditions over
  the mainland United States and Central America.

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High Level FL250-630 (400-100hPa)

• Depicts the following meteorological conditions
• Active thunderstorms
• ISOL (Isolated) Individual CBs
• OCNL (Occasional) For well separated CBs
• FRQ (Frequent) - For CBs with little or no
  separation
• Cloud heights
• Tropopause heights
• Jet Streams
• The height and speed of jet streams having a core
  speed of 80kt or greater are indicated.
• A double hatched line across a jet stream core
  indicates a speed change
• Turbulence
• Moderate or severe turbulence is forecast only
• Severe Squall Lines
• Icing and Hail
• Widespread sand storm or dust storm
• Tropical cyclones
• Convergence zones
• Frontal Positions

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Mid-Level FL100-240 (700-400 hPa)

• The Mid-Level SIGWX PROG uses the same weather
  criteria as the High-Level SIGWX PROG, plus the
  following
• Moderate to severe icing
• Cloud layers of significance
• Marked mountain waves
• Freezing level line 5000 contours
• Surface positions and direction of motion of
  highs, lows and other significant features.

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Surface Analysis Chart

• Background Information
• Surface analysis charts are prepared every six
  hours, for each main synoptic hour (00Z, 06Z, 12Z
  and 18Z)
• Based on routine hourly weather observation data
• Is a snapshot of the weather at the time and
  date indicated on the chart
• Best web source is not Nav Canada, try CMCs site
  at http//www.weatheroffice.ec.gc.ca/analysis/ind
  ex_e.html
• Surface Analysis Charts depict the following
• Mean Sea Level Pressure
• Isobars are in millibars and have 4mb spacing
• High and Low pressure centres
• Fronts, trowals, troughs, ridges, drylines
• Station Model
• Sky condition, wind direction and speed, MSL
  pressure, 3 hour pressure trend, cloud types,
  temperature, dew point temperature, precipitation
  and visibility.

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Upper Air Analysis Charts

• Produced at 00Z and 12Z and are a snapshot of the
  conditions at that moment in time. Based on
  upper air observations.
• Upper air charts use height contours with
  decameter values
• Upper air charts use an upper air station model
• 850 mb Chart
• Standard altitude 4781 ASL
• Height contours are spaced every 6 dam with 150
  dam being the baseline
• Add a 1 in front of the height indicated on the
  station model
• Temperatures are plotted every 5ºC (dashed lines)
  with the 0ºC isotherm as a heavy dashed line
• 700 mb Chart
• Standard altitude 9882 ASL
• Height contours are spaced every 6 dam with 300
  dam being the baseline
• Add a 2 or 3 in front of the height indicated
  on the station model
• Temperatures are plotted every 5ºC (dashed lines)
  with the 0ºC isotherm as a heavy dashed line
• Significant moisture (dew point depressions of
  5ºC or less) are indicated

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• 500 mb Chart
• Standard altitude 18289 ASL
• Middle of the troposphere (except in polar
  regions)
• Height contours are spaced every 6 dam with 570
  dam being the baseline (contours are solid lines)
  (bold contours every 24 dam)
• Add a 5 in front of the height indicated on the
  station model
• Secondary field is the 1000-500hPa thickness in
  dam which is a direct measurement of the vertical
  distance between these pressure levels. Contours
  are drawn every 6 dam and use dashed lines.
  Provides an indication of average temperature
  within the layer.
• 250 mb Chart
• Standard altitude 33999 ASL
• Height contours are spaced every 12 dam with 1032
  being the baseline (contours are solid lines)
• Add a 9 or 10 in front of the height
  indicated on the station model
• Secondary field is jet stream wind speed in knots
  isotachs are spaced at 30 KT intervals 60, 90,
  120, 150 and 180 KT
• Jet streams are indicated with a J

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