Adobe Photoshop 7.0 Design Professional

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(No Transcript)
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Chapter Concepts

• OVERVIEW

• Discuss the Use of Sound on the Web
• Understand the Basic Principles of Sound
• Examine Digital Audio Sources
• Explore Digital Audio Software
• Discover Audio File Formats for the Web

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Introduction

• INTRODUCTION

• The element of sound can be important to achieve
  the goals of a multimedia Web site
• Sound adds another dimension
• If improperly created, sound files can take too
  much time to download

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Introduction
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Introduction

• INTRODUCTION

• Streaming audio the sound file will begin
  playing after part of the file is downloaded
• To help ensure effectiveness, it is important to
  incorporate sound files that are high quality,
  appropriate, and consistent with the goals of the
  multimedia Web site

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Discuss the Use of Soundon the Web

• CONCEPT 1

• Web has made it very easy for users to purchase
  and download music files directly from online
  music stores
• Entertainment and game industry has spurred the
  growth of computers with multimedia capabilities

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Discuss the Use of Soundon the Web

• CONCEPT 1

• Web sites designed for entertainment have
  background music that sets the mood to light and
  cheery, or dark and dreary
• Audio can either be synched with the occurrence
  of other objects in the production, or it can
  serve as a trigger when clicked

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Discuss the Use of Soundon the Web

• CONCEPT 1

• Providing controls (such as skip, pause, mute,
  volume adjustment, etc.) is an effective way of
  keeping users involved and motivated
• The decision to incorporate sound into a
  multimedia Web site should have solid reasoning
  behind it

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Discuss the Use of Soundon the Web

• CONCEPT 1

• Sounds are either content sounds or ambient
  sounds
• Content sounds furnish information
• Narration, dialogue are content sounds
• Ambient sounds reinforce messages and set the
  mood
• Many splash screens or intro pages use background
  music to set a mood

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Understanding the BasicPrinciples of Sound

• CONCEPT 2

• When you speak, vibrations, called sound waves,
  are created
• These sound waves have a recurring pattern an
  analog wave pattern called a waveform

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Understanding the BasicPrinciples of Sound

• CONCEPT 2

• Amplitude Distance between the valley and the
  peak of a waveform
• Decibel (dB) Smallest variation in amplitude
  detected by the human ear
• Frequency Number of peaks that occur in one
  second measured by the distance between the peaks

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Understanding the BasicPrinciples of Sound

• CONCEPT 2

• Digitizing or Sound Sampling The process of
  converting analog soundto numbers
• Digital Audio An analog sound that has been
  converted to numbers

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Sound sampling
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Sound Quality

• CONCEPT 2

• Two factors that determine sound quality are
  sample rate and resolution
• Sample Rate
• Number of waveform samples per second or the
  number of times the sample is taken
• Measured in kilohertz, with 11 kHz, 22 kHz, and
  44 kHz being the most common sampling rates

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Sound Quality

• CONCEPT 2

• Resolution
• Number of binary bits processed for each sound
  wave
• Sometimes referred to as sample size
• As the number of bits used to sample the sound
  increases, the range and the quality of the sound
  also improves

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Mono versus Stereo Sound

• CONCEPT 2

• Mono sounds Flat and unrealistic compared to
  stereo sounds
• Stereo sounds Much more dynamic and lifelike
• Mono sound files are sometimes a more appropriate
  choice on the Web where storage and transfer are
  major concerns

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Downloaded versus Streamed

• CONCEPT 2

• Web Audio Downloaded or streamed
• Downloaded audio file must be entirely saved to
  the users computer before it can be played
• Streaming More advanced process that allows
  sound file to be played as it is downloading
  before entire file is transferred to the users
  computer

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Compression

• CONCEPT 2

• Compression Technique that mathematically
  reduces size of a file
• Beneficial for storing and transferring sound
  files
• Type of Compression applied impacts quality of
  sound file and file size

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Examine Digital Audio Sources

• CONCEPT 3

• Clip audio gives access to prerecorded digital
  audio clips of music and sound effects

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• CONCEPT 3

Examine Digital Audio Sources

• Most of the sound on CDs has been sampled at
  almost 45,000 samples per second, which is very
  high quality
• Be sure to carefully read the licensing
  agreements that come with clip audio

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Producing Digital Audio

• CONCEPT 3

• In addition to using prerecorded audio files, you
  can record, digitize, and process your own sound
  files

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Planning

• CONCEPT 3

• Proper planning is critical if sound is to be
  incorporated into multimedia Web site
• If the Web site is interactive, flowcharts should
  distinguish between which sounds are played as
  users make different choices

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Recording

• CONCEPT 3

• Minimally, a sound card and software program are
  needed to digitize sound
• The sound card samples or digitizes the sound
  based on the sample rate (11, 22, or 44 kHz) and
  resolution (8- or 16-bit), and then produces the
  digital approximation of the analog signal

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Recording

• CONCEPT 3

• Microphones translate analog signals into
  electrical impulses
• An analog-to-digital converter (ADC), converts
  the electrical impulses to numbers that can be
  stored, understood, and manipulated by a
  microprocessor

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Recording

• CONCEPT 3

• MIDI Standard format agreed on by the major
  manufacturers of musical instruments
• MIDI standard was established so musical
  instruments can communicate sound information
  with one another

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Recording

• CONCEPT 3

• To communicate, MIDI instruments have in and
  out ports that enable them to be connected to
  another MIDI-ready device

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Processing

• CONCEPT 3

• Todays computers and synthesizers make it
  possible for the average person to produce high
  quality, relatively inexpensive recorded sound
  and music
• Pieces of sound files may need to be copied and
  moved or several sound files may need to be mixed
  and spliced together

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Assembling

• CONCEPT 3

• Society of Motion Picture and Television
  Engineers (SMPTE) was developed to provide
  frame-accurate video and audio data
• By using professional SMPTE codes, beats of music
  can be set to match changes in video for all
  standard video frame rates

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Delivering

• CONCEPT 3

• To play sound on a computer system, the user
  needs a sound card and speakers, or a headset
• The digital audio file is sent through a
  digital-to-analog converter (DAC) so that it can
  be heard
• Important to test sounds under a variety of
  different conditions

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Explore Digital Audio Software

• CONCEPT 4

• Traditional sound studio equipment is utilized to
  record, mix, edit audio costs tens of thousands
  of dollars
• With sound editing and mixing software,sound
  files can be produced for muchless money

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Explore Digital Audio Software

• CONCEPT 4

• In the sound editing and mixing industry, there
  are a number of high-quality licensed and
  shareware packages worth mentioning
• BIAS Berkley Integrated Audio Software (BIAS) a
  leader in developing solutions for sound editing
  and mixing

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Explore Digital Audio Software

• CONCEPT 4

• Peak Leading digital audio editor for Macintosh
  platform ideal formanipulating sound files
• Sony Leading developer and marketer of digital
  media and Internet software tools

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Explore Digital Audio Software

• CONCEPT 4

• Sound Forge Similar to Peak, but designed for
  Windows platform
• Set the quality of sound file including sample
  rate, the resolution or sample size, file to be
  mono or stereo
• Vegas Frame-by-frame audio and video
  synchronization high-quality streaming media,
  multitrack recording

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Explore Digital Audio Software

• CONCEPT 4

• ACID music production software offers sound
  professionals freedom to create custom music
• Digidesign Pro Tools worlds leading nonlinear
  audio editing workstation and solutions

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Explore Digital Audio Software

• CONCEPT 4

• Pro Tools most powerful and popular high-end
  audio solution on the market
• Adobe Audition formerly Cool Edit digital audio
  software package that is comprehensive, yet easy
  to learn
• Includes extensive top-quality digital effects
  and it can mix multiple tracks

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Discover Audio File Formats for the Web

• CONCEPT 5

• All three media players (QuickTime, RealPlayer,
  Windows Media Player)
• Equipped to open and display most popular audio
  file formats
• Possess the ability to play live streaming audio
• QuickTime and RealPlayer best choices for
  streaming media

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Discover Audio File Formats for the Web

• CONCEPT 5

• Sound file formats include
• AAC (Advanced Audio Coding)MPEG-4 format of
  choice for Web
• AIFF or AIF (Audio Interchange File Format)
  Macintosh waveform format

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Discover Audio File Formats for the Web

• CONCEPT 5

• Sound file formats include
• AB (Audio/Basic) Sun audio format developed by
  Sun Microsystems to Play on Unix, NeXT, and Sun
  Sparc workstations
• EA (Emblaze Audio) Sound format developed
  specifically for Internet by GEO for its Emblaze
  products

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Discover Audio File Formats for the Web

• CONCEPT 5

• MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface)
  Internationally accepted file format for storing
  MIDI data
• MP3 (MPEGAudio Layer 3) Open standard
  technology uses file compression to create
  near-CD quality audio files

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Discover Audio File Formats for the Web

• CONCEPT 5

• Real formats (RA, RAM, RM) Excellent
  compression, incredibly popular, widespread
  support for streaming audio
• SWF compressed Macromedia Flash or Shockwave
  Flash file type designed for animation

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Discover Audio File Formats for the Web

• CONCEPT 5

• WAV Waveform format Commonly used, supported
  format on Windows
• WMA (Windows Media Audio) Powerful compression
  technology delivering audio and video quality at
  any bit rate

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Web-based audio file formats
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Summary

• SUMMARY

• Discuss the Use of Sound on the Web
• Understanding the Basic Principles of Sound
• Sound Quality
• Mono versus Stereo Sound
• Downloaded versus Streamed

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Summary

• SUMMARY

• Compression
• Examine Digital Audio Sources
• Producing Digital Audio
• Planning
• Recording

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Summary

• SUMMARY

• Processing
• Assembling
• Delivering
• Explore Digital Audio Software
• Discover Audio File Formats for the Web