Solid Waste Public Health Concerns

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Solid WastePublic Health Concerns

• Jeremiah Johnson
• Chi Vuong

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Overview

• Introduction
• Developed countries overview
• Developing countries overview
• Solutions

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Introduction
No regulated dumping Open dumps
Past to early 19th Century
Breeding rodents, insects
Buried dump sites mainly nonhazardous
More sanitary, less contamination
First half of the 20th Century
300 million metric tons/year space
Change in waste content, hazardous waste
Last half of the 20th Century to present
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Developed Countries Overview

• Public health concern
• -diseases
• Risks- substances, contamination etc.
• Solid Waste Management
• Methods
• Impact
• Regulations

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Public Health Concern

• Vectors
• - flies
• - mosquitoes (yellow fever, malaria)
• - rats (32)
• - swine (pathogens)

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Solid Waste Management

• Feed to swine
• Dump into bodies of water
• Open burning
• Dumps or tips
• Sanitary landfill (U.S., England, Germany)
• Armys Corp of Engineers (bullclam)
• compaction, cover, liners

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Common Landfill Layout
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Impact of Landfills

• Leachate and gases
• Scarce land
• Health Effects (adverse pregnancy outcomes, liver
  function)

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U.S. Regulations

• 1899 River and Harbors Act
• 1965 Solid Waste Disposal Act
• 1970 National Environmental Policy Act (EPA)
• 1976 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

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Developing Countries Overview

• Public health concern
• Risks- substances, contamination etc.
• Solid Waste Management
• Environmental justice- hazardous waste
• Cost of disposal
• Aiding developing countries

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Developing Countries

• Public Health Concern
• Homes-

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Drifting Along the Shores
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Solutions

• The catchy phrase Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
• Source Reduction in Industry
• Consumer pay as you throw programs
• Implemented in 7.2 of GA communities
• Implemented in over 50 of communities in MA, WI,
  IA, and NH
• Implemented in 100 of communities in WA, OR, and
  MN

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Sources

• Race, Wealth, and Solid Waste Facilities in North
  Carolina
• Jennifer M. Norton,1 Steve Wing,1 Hester J.
  Lipscomb,2 Jay S. Kaufman,1 Stephen W. Marshall,1
  and Altha J. Cravey31Department of
  Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at
  Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,
  USA2Division of Occupational and Environmental
  Medicine, Department of Community and Family
  Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham,
  North Carolina, USA3Department of Geography,
  University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,
  Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
• Title Slide Image http//upload.wikimedia.org/wiki
  pedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Solid_waste_used_to_build
  _a_road.jpg/800px-Solid_waste_used_to_build_a_road
  .jpg
• Sustainable Solid Waste http//siteresources.world
  bank.org/INTPHAAG/Resources/AAGEHEng.pdf

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Sources

• 2006 Pay as You Throw Programs http//www.epa.gov/
  epaoswer/non-hw/payt/06comm.htm
• Cointreu, Sandra. Occupational and Environmental
  Health Issues of Solid Waste Management. World
  Bank Group. July 2006.
• Holy Bible, 23 Deuteronomy 12-13

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Sources

• Vesilind, P. Aarne. Worrell, William. Reinhart,
  Debra. Solid Waste Engineering, 2002
• A Brief History of Solid Waste Management in the
  US During the Last 50 Years by H. Lanier Hickman,
  Jr. and Richard W. Eldredge. 2000.

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Sources

• Investigating Health Concerns in populations
  living near the Cleanaway landfill in
  Tallamarine. 2006.http//www.health.vic.gov.au/env
  ironment/downloads/tulla_report.pdf
• Vrijheid, Martine. Health Effects of Residence
  Near Hazardous Waste Landfill Sites A Review of
  Epidemiologic Literature. March 2002.
  http//www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov
• Slide Image http//www.metrokc.gov/dnr/kidsweb/im
  ages/landfill_diagram.gif