Computer Technology History

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Computer Technology History

• The affects of technology
• on our society.

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After completing this lesson, you will know

• The history of computers from the 1940s up to the
  present.
• The future of computing.
• The many ways in which computers are used in
  modern life.
• How to make computers accessible to persons with
  disabilities.
• How computers are used in business and education.

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Atanasoff-Berry Computer 1939

• In late 1939, John Atanasoff teamed up with
  Clifford Berry to build a prototype. They created
  the first computing machine to use electricity,
  vacuum tubes, binary numbers and capacitors. The
  capacitors were in a rotating drum that held the
  electrical charge for the memory. 

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History of Computing

• 1940s
• First computers built for breaking enemy codes
  in WWII
• ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And
  Computer) first all-electronic computer

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MARK series - 1944

• Howard Aiken and Grace Hopper designed the MARK
  series of computers at Harvard University. The
  MARK series of computers began with the Mark I in
  1944. Imagine a giant roomful of noisy, clicking
  metal parts, 55 feet long and 8 feet high. The
  5-ton device contained almost 760,000 separate
  pieces. Used by the US Navy for gunnery and
  ballistic calculations, the Mark I was in
  operation until 1959.

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Vacuum Tube

• The vacuum tube was used to amplify voice and
  music. However, the tubes consumed power,
  created heat, burned out quickly, and required
  high maintenance.

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Debugging

• In the 1940s, computers were housed in buildings
  with no air conditioning. In the evening the
  researchers would leave the windows open to cool
  down the building and computers.

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Debugging

• The moths were attacked to the heat and lights
  and would get into the computers. It was common
  practice to get the bugs out of the computers
  every evening. This is how the phrase
  debugging came into being in the computer
  world.

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History of Computing

• 1950s
• Invention of the transistor, resistor and the
  Integrated Circuit
• IBM 650 7000 series

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Worlds Most Powerful Computer in 1954

• Faith Lillibridge at the NORC console fifth
  floor, Columbia University Watson Lab, 612 West
  115th Street NYC,

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Transistors

• The transistors were the first device designed to
  act both as a
• Transmitter converting sound waves to electronic
  waves
• Resistor controlling electric current

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Integrated Circuit 1958 1959

• Integrated Circuit or Silicon Chip was invented
  by two separate inventors.
• A single chip could contain the electronic
  circuitry of the entire computer.

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1950s Key milestones in 1953

• First released in 1953 with magnetic drum memory
  and priced at less than half a million dollars,
  the 650 was relatively cheap.

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History of Computing

• 1960s
• DECs PDP-1
• The IBM 1130
• Hewlett-Packard entered the general purpose
  computer business

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DECs PDP-1

• The precursor to the minicomputer, DECs PDP-1
  sold 50 for 120,000. Its large scope intrigued
  early hackers at MIT, who wrote the first
  computerized video game, SpaceWar!
• First mini-computers from DEC and IBM

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The IBM 1130 (1965)

• The first IBM computer to rent for less than
  1000 a month." Intended for use by scientists,
  engineers, and mathematicians.

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History of Computing

• 1970s
• Xerox Alto first Graphical User Interface
• (GUI) computer (1975)
• MITS Altair first personal computer (1975)
• Tandy/Radio Shack personal computer (1975)
• Wozniak and Jobs design Apple I and II
• 1977 was the first hacker break in into a
  Columbia computer from the outside, and it went
  to court
• 1977-1978 First use of email at universities on a
  bulletin board system.

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Xerox Palo - the first work station with a
built-in mouse 1973

• Researchers at the Xerox Palo Alto Research
  Center designed the Alto the first work station
  with a built-in mouse for input. The Alto stored
  several files simultaneously in windows, offered
  menus and icons, and could link to a local area
  network. Although Xerox never sold the Alto
  commercially, it gave a number of them to
  universities. Engineers later incorporated its
  features into work stations and personal
  computers.

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Commodore PET

• The Commodore PET (Personal Electronic Transactor
  or maybe rumored to be named after the "pet rock"
  fad) was designed by Chuck Peddle. It was first
  presented at the January, 1977, Winter Consumer
  Electronics Show and later at the West

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History of Computing

• 1980s
• IBM (1981) and DOS
• MAC (1984)
• Portable computers debut

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IBM - 1980

• In July of 1980, IBM representatives met for the
  first time with Microsoft's Bill Gates to talk
  about writing an operating for IBM's new
  hush-hush "personal" computer

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1984 Macintosh 128k

• Released with much fanfare in January of 1984,
  the Macintosh was the first affordable computer
  to include a Graphical User Interface.

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History of Computing

• 1990s
• Personal computers improve dramatically
• Microsoft Windows 3.0 (1990)
• Internet and World Wide Web

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History of Computing

• 2000s
• High-speed Internet access
• Instant messaging
• Tablet PC
• E-commerce
• Security viruses, worms, hacks, identity theft

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Computers of today are not only more compact, but
efficient.
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Computer Accessories

• Printers today can print, copy, scan and fax, as
  well as print directly from your digital camera.

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Accessible Technology

• Accessibility features
• An operating system and software with features
  that can be adjusted and customized to your own
  accessibility needs.
• Assistive technology products
• Designed to accommodate an individuals
  disability or multiple disabilities.
• Compatibility
• An operating system and software compatible with
  a specific type of assistive technology product.

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Computer Technology and more35 mm to Digital
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Motion picture cameras have made way for the
video camera
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Land Line Telephones to Cell Phones
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Manual Cash Registers advances to computer
technology
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With the continuing changes in technology, the
tools we use for work, home and play will also
change. These changes will impact businesses,
employment and educational opportunities in our
lives today and into the future.
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Information Technology Careers

• Hardware Engineer
• Support Professional
• Developer/Programmer
• Software Tester
• Systems Administrator
• Database Administrator
• Certified Professional

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Computers in Education

• Math and Science
• Math
• Biology
• Chemistry
• Ecology
• Geology

• Language Arts
• Reading
• Writing
• Art
• Music

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