Food Regulations

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Food Regulations Standards
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Introduction

• The legal requirements for food safety and food
  quality have been established by many national
  governments, with the objective of protecting
  consumers and ensuring that foods are fit for
  human consumption.
• These requirements are contained in food laws and
  regulations, the scope of which varies from one
  country to another.

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Food Laws Regulations

• Food laws are statements of government policies
  that cover both the general and specific aspects
  of adulteration and misbranding of foods, while
  the food regulations deal with the enforcement of
  government policies that are embodied in the food
  laws.
• These food laws and regulations are intended to
  ensure that foods do not cause harm, illness, or
  injury are not adulterated or misbranded and
  are wholesome and fit for human consumption.

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Food Laws Regulations

• Food laws and regulations apply to all foods
  produced domestically, as well as all foods
  imported into a country foods cannot be imported
  if they do not conform to the food laws and
  regulations of the importing country.
• Food laws protect consumers from illnesses and
  injury by prohibiting the presence of any
  poisonous or harmful substance in foods that are
  intended for human consumption.
• In addition, food laws protect consumers from
  fraud and deception by prohibiting false or
  misleading information relating to foods

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Indonesian Food Laws Regulations

• Undang-undang No 7/1996 tentang Pangan
• Undang-undang Nomor 8 tahun 1999 tentang
  Perlindungan Konsumen
• Peraturan Pemerintah No 28/2004 tentang Keamanan,
  Mutu dan Gizi Pangan
• Peraturan Pemerintah No. 69/1999 tentang Label
  dan Iklan Pangan

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Contoh Peraturan Perundang-undangan di Bidang
Makanan di Indonesia

• Permenkes RI No. 329/Menkes/Per/XII/76 tentang
  Produksi dan Peredaran Makanan
• Permenkes RI No. 79/Menkes/Per/III/78 tentang
  Label dan Periklanan Makanan
• Permenkes RI No. 382/Menkes/Per/VI/89 tentang
  Pendaftaran Makanan
• Keputusan Bersama Menteri Kesehatan dan Menteri
  Agama RI No. 427/Menkes/SKB/VIII/85, No. 68 Tahun
  1985 tentang Pencantuman Tulisan Halal pada
  Label Makanan
• Keputusan Dirjen POM No. 01323/B/SK/V/1985
  tentang Petunjuk Pelaksanaan Peraturan Menteri
  Kesehatan RI No. 180/Menkes/Per/IV/1985 tentang
  Makanan Kadaluarsa
• Keputusan Dirjen POM No. 03537/B/SK/VI/1989
  tentang Petunjuk Pelaksanaan Peraturan Menteri
  Kesehatan RI No. 382/Menkes/Per/VI/1989 tentang
  Pendaftaran Makanan
• Keputusan Dirjen POM No. 02591/B/SK/VIII/1991
  tentang Perubahan Lampiran Peraturan Menteri
  Kesehatan RI No. 180/Menkes/Per/IV/1985 tentang
  Makanan Kadaluarsa

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Undang-undang No 7/1996 tentang Pangan
BAB ISI PASAL
I KETENTUAN UMUM 1 - 3
II KEAMANAN PANGAN 4 23
III MUTU DAN GIZI PANGAN Mutu Pangan Gizi Pangan 24 26 27 29
IV LABEL DAN IKLAN PANGAN 30 35
V PEMASUKAN DAN PENGELUARAN PANGAN KE DALAM DAN DARI WILAYAH INDONESIA 36 - 40
VI TANGGUNG JAWAB INDUSTRI PANGAN 41 44
VII KETAHANAN PANGAN 45 50
VIII PERAN SERTA MASYARAKAT 51 52
IX PENGAWASAN 53 54
X KETENTUAN PIDANA 55 59
XI PENYERAHAN URUSAN DAN TUGAS PEMBANTUAN 60
XII KETENTUAN LAIN-LAIN 61 63
XIII KETENTUAN PERALIHAN 64
XIV KETENTUAN PENUTUP 65
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Undang-undang No 7/1996 tentang Pangan

• Pasal 21
• Setiap orang dilarang mengedarkan
• Pangan yang mengandung bahan beracun, berbahaya,
  atau yang dapat merugikan atau membahayakan
  kesehatan atau jiwa manusia
• Pangan yang mengandung cemaran yang melampaui
  ambang batas maksimal yang ditetapkan
• Pangan yang mengandung bahan yang dilarang
  digunakan dalam kegiatan atau proses produksi
  pangan
• Pangan yang mengandung bahan yang kotor, busuk,
  tengik, terurai atau

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Undang-undang No 7/1996 tentang Pangan

• mengandung bahan nabati atau hewani yang
  berpenyakti atau berasal dari bangkai sehingga
  menjadikan pangan tidak layak dikonsumsi manusia
  
• e. Pangan yang sudah kadaluwarsa.

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Undang-undang No 7/1996 tentang Pangan

• Pasal 24
• Pemerintah menetapkan standar mutu pangan
• Terhadap pangan tertentu yang diperdagangkan,
  Pemerintah dpat memberlakukan dan mewajibkan
  pemenuhan standar mutu pangan yang ditetapkan
  berdasarkan ketentuan sebagaimana dimaksud pada
  ayat (1)

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Undang-undang No 7/1996 tentang Pangan

• Pasal 25
• Pemerintah menetapkan persyaratan sertifikasi
  mutu pangan yang diperdagangkan
• Persyaratan sertifikasi mutu pangan, sebagaimana
  dimaksud pada ayat (1), diterapkan secara
  bertahap berdasarkan jenis pangan dengan
  memperhatikan kesiapan dan kebutuhan sistem
  pangan.

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Undang-undang No 7/1996 tentang Pangan

• Pasal 26
• Setiap orang dilarang memperdagangkan
• Pangan tertentu, sebagaimana dimaksud dalam pasal
  24 ayat (2), apabila tidak memenuhi standar mutu
  yang ditetapkan sesuai dengan peruntukannya
• Pangan yang mutu berbeda atau tidak sama dengan
  mutu pangan yang dijanjikan
• Pangan yang tidak memenuhi persyaratan
  sertifikasi mutu pangan, sebagaimana dimaksud
  dalam Pasal 25.

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Enforcement of food laws and regulations

• The responsibility for enforcing food laws and
  regulations is assigned to government regulatory
  agencies. These enforcement activities fall into
  two categories.
• Inspection and audit of establishments that
  process, handle, and store food to ensure that
  the required sanitary and controlled conditions
  are followed audits are used by some regulatory
  agencies that enforce HACCP-based regulations.
• Inspection and analysis of foods for harmful
  substances to ensure that there is conformance to
  established limits and tolerances.

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Enforcement of food laws and regulations

• The food safety control system in Indonesia
  requires elements of pre-market and post-market
  control.
• Pre-market control is conducted by evaluating the
  food safety of products to ensure the compliance
  with safety and quality requirements. If a
  product is found to meet to necessary
  requirements, the product is provided with
  registration approval number and it become
  eligible for the retail market.
• Post-market control is conducted for food
  products which have been distributed in the
  market ?The National Agency for Drug and Food
  Control (BPOM)

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Food Standards

• Food standards also establish requirements for
  the safety and quality of foods however, unless
  a food standard is part of food regulations, it
  is not a legal requirement.
• Indonesia Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI)

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Standar Nasional Indonesia

• Satu-satunya standar yang berlaku secara nasional
  di Indonesia.
• SNI dirumuskan oleh Panitia Teknis dan ditetapkan
  oleh Badan Standarisasi Nasional.
• Agar SNI dpat diterima oleh para stakeholder,
  maka SNI menganut asas keterbukaan,
  transparansi, konsensus dan tidak memihak,
  efektif dan relevan, koheren, dan berdimensi
  pembangunan.

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Food Standards

• The Codex Standards are the best examples of food
  standards. The CAC has the mandate to implement
  the joint FAO/WHO Foods Standards Program.
• This has resulted in the Codex Alimentarius, a
  collection of standards for food quality, food
  suitability, and food safety.
• These food standards have been adopted by
  countries worldwide and are intended primarily to
  protect consumers and to facilitate international
  food trade.
• They include codes of practice such as The Codex
  General Principles Of Food Hygiene, standards for
  maximum residual levels (MRL) for pesticides and
  for veterinary drugs in foods, and standards for
  specifications for food additives.

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The Regulatory Environment International
Framework, UN
Office International des Epizooties
International Plant Protection Convention FAO
GATT WTO
(Food and Agriculture Organization)
Codex Alimentarius Commission
FAO/WHO working party on food labeling
The Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary
Measures (SPS)
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SPS Agreement

• Protect human or animal life from risks
  additives, contaminants, toxins and
  disease-causing organisms
• Protect human life from plant/animal diseases
• Protect animal/plant life from pests, diseases
• Prevent or limit other damage to a country from
  the entry, establishment or spread of pests
• Adaptation for country-specific needs e.g.
  climate, pests, diseases

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The Role of Codex Alimentarius
Codex Alimentarius
FAO/WHO working party on food labeling

• Develops standards in
• Food quality
• Nutrition
• Labeling
• Not involved in trade barriers

WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT)
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Codex Indonesia

• 2009