Douglas B' Marlowe, J'D', Ph'D'

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Evidence-Based Policies for Drug Offenders

• Douglas B. Marlowe, J.D., Ph.D.

Treatment Research Institute
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Policies for Drug Offenders

Diversion
Incarceration
Drug Courts
Probation w/o verdict (Prop 36)
Intermediate sanctions
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Policies for Drug Offenders
Costs

Diversion
Incarceration
Drug Courts
Probation w/o verdict (Prop 36)
Intermediate sanctions
4
Policies for Drug Offenders

Public Safety Risks
Diversion
Incarceration
Drug Courts
Probation w/o verdict (Prop 36)
Intermediate sanctions
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Policies for Drug Offenders
Psychosocial Functioning

Diversion
Incarceration
Drug Courts
Probation w/o verdict (Prop 36)
Intermediate sanctions
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Policies for Drug Offenders
Psychosocial Functioning
Costs

Public Safety Risks
Diversion
Incarceration
Drug Courts
Probation w/o verdict (Prop 36)
Intermediate sanctions
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Criminogenic Risks

• Age during rehabilitation lt 25 years
• Criminal onset lt 16 years
• Prior rehabilitation failures
• History of violence
• Antisocial Personality Disorder
• Psychopathy
• Familial history of crime
• Criminal associations

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Criminogenic Needs

• Drug Dependence or Addiction
• Binge pattern
• Cravings or compulsions
• Withdrawal symptoms
• Co-Occurring Disorders
• Collateral Service Needs
• E.g., homeless, unemployed, HIV

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Risk Needs Matrix
High Risk
Low Risk
High Needs
Low Needs
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Risk Needs Matrix
High Risk
Low Risk
Accountability Treatment
High Needs
Low Needs
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Risk Needs Matrix
High Risk
Low Risk
Treatment
Accountability Treatment
High Needs
Low Needs
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Risk Needs Matrix
High Risk
Low Risk
Treatment
Accountability Treatment
High Needs
Accountability
Low Needs
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Risk Needs Matrix
High Risk
Low Risk
Treatment
Accountability Treatment
High Needs
Prevention
Accountability
Low Needs
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Research Sites
1st Study New Castle Co. (misdemeanor)
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Matching Study
High Risk
Low Risk
Matched
Bi-Weekly
As Needed
Unmatched
As Usual (monthly)
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Drug-free Urines by Group
p lt .001
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Drug-free Urines by Group
p lt .001
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Drug-free Urines by Group
p lt .001
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Drug-free Urines by Group
p lt .001
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Drug-Positive Urines 6 Mos.


p lt .05
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Graduation Rates

p lt .05
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Policies for Drug Offenders

Diversion
Incarceration
Drug Courts
Probation w/o verdict (Prop 36)
Intermediate sanctions
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Policies for Drug Offenders

Low risk Low needs
Diversion
Incarceration
Drug Courts
Probation w/o verdict (Prop 36)
Intermediate sanctions
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Policies for Drug Offenders

Low risk Low needs
Low risk High needs
Diversion
Incarceration
Drug Courts
Probation w/o verdict (Prop 36)
Intermediate sanctions
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Policies for Drug Offenders

High risk High needs
Low risk Low needs
Low risk High needs
Diversion
Incarceration
Drug Courts
Probation w/o verdict (Prop 36)
Intermediate sanctions
26
Policies for Drug Offenders

High risk High needs
Low risk Low needs
High risk Low needs
Low risk High needs
Diversion
Incarceration
Drug Courts
Probation w/o verdict (Prop 36)
Intermediate sanctions
27
Policies for Drug Offenders

High risk High needs
Low risk Low needs
High risk Low needs
Low risk High needs
Diversion
Incarceration
Drug Courts
Probation w/o verdict (Prop 36)
Intermediate sanctions