Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS)

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Wide Area Augmentation System(WAAS)
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• DAN HANLON
• WAAS PROGRAM MANAGER
• Tom Salat
• WAAS NAS INTEGRATION

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GPS in Wide Spread Use
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• GPS used in aviation since 1992provides
  significant benefits to aviation
• Over 3500 non-precision GPS instrument procedures
• Non-precision does not provide descent guidance
  to pilot
• Provides lower landing minimums for airports w/o
  Radio Navigation Aids (400 AGL)
• Reduce reliance on and cost of radio navigation
  infrastructure

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Why Augment GPS?Technical Reasons
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• Current GPS constellation cannot support
  requirements for all phases of flight
• Integrity
• Know when its providing bad information
  correcting for it
• Accuracy
• With SA off, GPS vertical accuracy gt 15 m
• 7m or less need for precision approach
• Availability and continuity
• Plan to have it at your destination
• Assurance it will be available when arrive

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Why Augment GPS?Operational Reasons
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• Provides ILS-like capability for little or no
  cost
• Provides primary navigation system capability
  without line-of-sight limitations
• Will allow GPS to replace NDBs and gt50 VORs and
  associated avionics in aircraft

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WAAS Components
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• WAAS consists of
• 25 reference stations
• 2 master stations
• 2 geosynchronous satellites
• 3 uplink stations
• Corrects
• Timing Errors
• Orbital Errors
• Faulty Satellites
• Atmospheric Errors
• Provides additional GPS satellite signals

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How Does It Work?
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How Does It Work?
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How Does It Work?
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How Does It Work?
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Current GEO ServiceInmarsat III
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• Main Problem Is Single Coverage Over the Majority
  of CONUS

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GEO Transition
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Telesat 107W
PanAmSat 133W
INMARSAT 3 AOR/W 54W
INMARSAT 3 POR 178E
INMARSAT AOR/W 98W

• Provides Dual Coverage Over CONUS and Alaska with
  AOR/W as hot spare

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Vertical Coverage Sample, Aug,12 05
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Additional WRSs will improve vertical coverage
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Area Navigation Availability
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• Dashed black line indicates NPA coverage

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WAAS Capabilities
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• 100 Coverage CONUS Alaska From 100,000 Ft. to
  Surface
• Horizontal Accuracy lt1.5M
• Vertical Accuracy lt3M
• Better Than 99.99 Availability Of System
• WAAS Specific Approaches (LPV) Published
• Sep 2003 - 250 Minimums
• Began publication of WAAS specific approaches
  (LPV) in September 2003
• Continuing to develop the system to expand
  vertical navigation to most of North America

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Airspace Benefits
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• Aids in transition to more advanced navigation
  capability
• WAAS supports Required Navigation Performance
  (RNP)
• Provides very high quality navigation signal for
  lower RNP values (better than .11)
• Improves airspace system efficiency and capacity
• Complex procedures available to all aircraft
• Advanced arrival and departure procedures
• Promotes airspace redesign
• Guidance through position velocity time (PVT)/FMS
  RNAV
• Cost savings by decommissioning of redundant
  ground based navigation aids

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Airport Benefits
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• Precision Approach Capability At All Runway Ends
• Positive Departure Guidance
• Enhanced Noise Abatement By Use of Advanced
  Procedures
• Available to all users at reasonable cost
• No Radio Navigation Aids required
• Less stringent cost/benefit justification

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WAAS Avionics
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• Certified receivers
• Over 2,500 Garmin GNS-480s sold
• Chelton systems with Free Flight Systems WAAS
  sensor
• Recent developments
• 50,000 Garmin units in field that can be upgraded
• Upgrade cost expected to be 1500, available Fall
  2006
• The FAA is currently teaming with other
  manufacturers to develop additional LPV receivers
  in all functional classes

GNS-480
GNS-530
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Operational Implementation
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GLS 200
3o
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LPV Candidate Airports(Runway ends 3200 or
greater)
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Pending GPS Approaches for California
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• There are currently 7 LPV approaches in CA,
  McClellan, Chino, Fresno (2), Long Beach, San
  Jose (2)
• 32 LPV approaches pending at 22 Airports
• Apple Valley -
  Southern California Logistics
• Arcada -
  Watsonville Muni
• Nervino
• Byron
• California City
• Buchanan Fld
• Hayward Executive
• Monetery Peninsula
• Metropolitan Oakland Intl
• Ontario
• Palm Springs
• Riverside
• Sacramento Intl
• San Francisco Intl
• San Jose Intl
• Reid-Hillview of Santa Clara

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Preparing your airport for WAAS
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Preparing Airports for WAAS
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• No Ground Hardware Required
• Airport Infrastructure Needed
• Paved Runways Over 3200ft
• Parallel Taxiway
• Medium Intensity Runway Lights
• Non-Precision Runway Markings, Precision Markings
  for lowest min
• Step 1 Reference AC 150/5300-13 (Airport Design
  Guide)
• Step 2 Contact Airport District Office -
  Infrastructure Improvements
• Step 3 Surveys
• Step 4 Airport Layout Plan

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STEP 1 AC 150/5300 - 13
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• AC 150/5300-13 Airport Design provides the
  guidance for developing the airport
• Appendix 16 defines the requirements for new
  instrument approaches
• Table A16-1B defines the requirements for APV-RNP
  instrument procedures (LPV)
• Lower requirements for higher minimums

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Airport Infrastructure Requirements
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STEP 2 Airports District Office
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• Make Contact with the Airports District Office
  for your area to discuss and determine what
  infrastructure requirements will yield the lowest
  minimums against cost and time constraints
• Review current infrastructure and determine (from
  Table A16-1B) what visibility minimums are
  required
• Determine in conjunction with the ADO determine
  what infrastructure changes are best for the
  airport
• If the current infrastructure does not meet the
  requirements then an upgrade to the
  infrastructure is required or reduced minima will
  be used to develop the procedure

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STEP 3 Surveys
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• Refer to Table A16-2 to determine the type of
  survey required and then determine if your
  airport has a current survey of the appropriate
  type
• All airport surveys must be FAA 405 compliant
• ANA-PC or PIR survey required
• Can use 405 type D survey
• If an appropriate type survey is not available,
  then review the required documents and initiate a
  request for a survey of the appropriate type

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Survey Requirements
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STEP 4 Airport Layout Plan
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• Based on information from Table A16-1B, verify
  the appropriate level of service is indicated on
  the Approved Airport Layout Plan
• If the appropriate level of service is not on the
  approved ALP, then take action to update the ALP
  to the appropriate level of service

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Questions?
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• You can find more details on our website at
• http//gps.faa.gov
• Procedures information can be accessed at
• http//avn.faa.gov
• Survey information can be accessed at
• http//www.ngs.noaa.gov/AERO/aero.html
• Dan.Hanlon_at_faa.gov
• Thomas.ctr.Salat_at_faa.gov