Chapter 29 The Path of Empire

1
Chapter 29The Path of Empire
2
Expand or Explode

• From the end of the Civil War to the 1880s, the
  United States was very isolationist, but in the
  1890s, due to rising exports, manufacturing
  capability, power, and wealth, it began to expand
  onto the world stage, using overseas markets to
  send its goods.
• Safety Valve Theory
• Yellow Journalism Hearst and Pulitzer
• Anglo-Saxon Superiority
• Aggressive leadership Theodore Roosevelt, Henry
  Cabot Lodge
• Darwinism Survival of the fittest
• Alfred Thayer Mahan The Influence of Sea Power
  Upon History
• Keeping up with the Joneses - other countries
  were doing it why cant we?

3
Imperialism in China

• Famous French political cartoon from the late
  1890s. A pie represents "Chine" (French for
  China) and is being divided between caricatures
  of Queen Victoria of Great Britain, William II of
  Germany (who is squabbling with Queen Victoria
  over a borderland piece, whilst thrusting a knife
  into the pie to signify aggressive German
  intentions), Nicholas II of Russia, who is eyeing
  a particular piece, the French Marianne (who is
  diplomatically shown as not participating in the
  carving), and the Meiji Emperor of Japan,
  carefully contemplating which pieces to take. A
  stereotypical Chinese official throws his up his
  hands to try and stop them, but is powerless.
• It is meant to be a figurative representation of
  the Imperialist tendencies of these nations
  towards China during the decade.
• Source http//www.hoover.archives.gov/exhibits/Ch
  ina/Political20Evolution/19thc/pie.jpg

4
A cartoon showing the U.S. growing up and growing
girth. Illustration from "The Forbidden Book" by
T'boli Publishing, San Francisco.
5
William Randolph Hearst
William Randolph Hearst
Hearst Castle
6
Hearst Castle
7
Joseph Pulitzer
8
Alfred Thayer Mahan
Alfred Thayer Mahan
9
Violations of the Monroe Doctrine

• British Guiana and Venezuela had been disputing
  their border for many years, but when gold was
  discovered, the situation worsened.
• U.S. Sided with Venezuela and told Great Britain
  they were in violation of the Monroe Doctrine and
  threatened them with war.
• Britain backed down
• The result was that the Monroe Doctrine was
  strengthened, and Britain sought better relations
  with the U.S. afterwards, since it had many
  enemies in Europe (Great Reproachment)

10
Hawaii

• Strategic port for the U.S. Between America and
  Asia.

11
Hawaiian Sugar and Pineapple
12
The Value of Pearl Harbor
13
(No Transcript)
14
(No Transcript)
15
Hawaii

• In 1820 New England missionaries settled in
  Hawaii.
• Sugar cultivation went sour in 1890 due to the
  McKinley Tariff. America moved to annex Hawaii.
• In 1893 American troops landed on Hawaii and
  removed Queen Liliuakalani from power
• Grover Cleveland became president, investigated
  the coup, found it to be wrong, and delayed the
  annexation of Hawaii until he left office.
• Nine years later Hawaii was annexed.
• 1st ever imperialistic debate in history

16
Cubans Rise in Revolt

• Cuba controlled by Spanish
• Wilson-Gorman Tariff hurt Cubas production and
  sale of sugar
• Cubans claimed Spanish atrocities Cubans
  instituted a scorched earth policy
• Spanish sent General Butcher Wayler and put
  Cubans in concentration camps
• Cleveland against war Anti-jingoist
• Jingo pro-war and pro expansion

17
McKinley and War

• Yellow Journalism Hearst vs Pulitzer
• Explosion of the Maine in Havana Harbor 260
  Americans dead.
• Remington Paintings
• De Lome Letter Criticizing McKinley
• American Demand for War

18
Explosion of the Maine
19
Yellow Journalism
20
The white-livered occupant of the White House
doesnt have the backbone of a chocolate éclair
Theodore Roosevelt
21
Spanish-American War

• Teller Amendment - proclaimed that when the U.S.
  had overthrown Spanish misrule, it would give the
  Cubans their freedom.
• On February 25, 1898, Roosevelt cabled Commodore
  George Dewey, commanding the American Asiatic
  Squadron at Hong Kong, and told him to take over
  the Philippines.
• On August 13, 1898, American troops arrived and
  captured Manila, collaborating with Filipino
  insurgents, led by Emilio Aguinaldo.
• U.S. annexed Hawaiian July 7, 1898
• The Rough Riders, a regiment of volunteers led
  by Theodore Roosevelt and Colonel Leonard Wood,
  rushed to Cuba and battled at El Caney San Juan
  Hill.

22
Roosevelt and the Roughriders
23
Roughriders
Frederick Remington
24
Treaty of Paris

• U.S. Obtained
• Cuba
• Guam
• Puerto Rico
• Philippines Paid 20 million
• Splendid Little War only 113 days with few
  deaths and a lot of territory won
• U.S. emerged as a world power
• Finally unity between North and South

25
Unity Between North and South
26
Anti-Imperialist Debate

• Presidents of Stanford and Harvard
• Mark Twain
• Samuel Gompers
• Andrew Carnegie
• despotism abroad might well beget despotism at
  home
• 3 periods of imperialistic debate
• Louisiana Purchase
• Mexican Cession and Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
• Spanish-American War

27
Puerto Rico

• Welcomed American Intervention
• Poor country that appreciated help
• Foraker Act Passed in 1900 and gave Puerto Rico
  limited degree of popular government
• Puerto Ricans are U.S. citizens but they dont
  vote and have no representation in Congress

28
Puerto Rico
29
Cuba

• America could not improve Cuba that much, other
  than getting rid of yellow fever with the help of
  General Leonard Wood and Dr. Walter Reed.
• Platt Amendment - said that the U.S. could
  intervene and restore order in case of anarchy,
  that the U.S. could trade freely with Cuba, and
  that the U.S. could get two bays for naval bases,
  notably Guantanamo Bay.