Turkey

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Turkey

• Jesse Boyd
• POLS 3334
• Dr. Moran

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Intellectual hypothesesapplied to Democracy

• Francis Fukuyama
• Democracy is the last form of human government
  other forms have failed
• Western political ideals are universal
• Western democratic capitalism represents the
  final destination point of human civic
  development (Merry 2005, 42)

• Robert D. Kaplan
• Democracy is dependent upon social economic
  achievements
• Presence of middle class
• Civil institutions
• Economic liberalization
• Warns The increasing influence of corporations,
  international organizations, globalization will
  change democracy in a manner that it will no
  longer support the poor middle class.

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Intellectual hypothesesapplied to Democracy

• Robert D. Putnam
• The longevity of democracy is dependent upon
  social organizations
• Strong civil active society

• Ottaway Carothers
• Dependent on political parties other advocates
  acceptance of western ideals

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Intellectual hypothesesapplied to Democracy

• Bernard Lewis
• Dependent upon Islamic Societies openness to
  western ideals.
• Over time militaries have proven stronger
  greater economic successes.

• James Fallows
• Security forces are necessary to produce retain
  order
• Security forces must be willing able to protect
  their fragile political systems as they take root
  in that culture

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Turkey

• Constitution adopted in November 1982
• Amended in 1995,1999,2001,2004
• Government is a parliamentary system
• President elected by legislative branch
• 1946 adopted multiparty system most governments
  have been coalitions of two or more parties
• 2002 -first single majority government since
  1991- AKP, Justice and Development Party
• Military has taken power three times in 1960,
  1971, 1980 to preserve Kemalism
  republicanism, populism, secularism, reformism,
  nationalism, statism
• Within three years elections were held and power
  returned to the citizens

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Turkey

• Executive branch President elected by Turkish
  Grand National Assembly (TGNA) for a single term
  of 7 years limited powers appoints prime
  minister power to summon sessions of TGNA
  promulgate laws, ratify international treaties
  refer laws back to assembly commander of armed
  forces approves prime minister's appointments to
  the Council of Ministers appoints members of
  national courts, heads of Central Bank,
  broadcasting organizations power to dissolve
  Grand National Assembly presides over National
  Security Council
• National Security Council president prime
  minister chief of the General Staff ministers
  of national defense, interior, and foreign
  affairs commanders of the armed forces -sets
  national security policy and coordinates all
  activities related to mobilization and defense-

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Turkey

• Legislative branch TGNA, one-chamber parliament
  with 550 deputies serving 5 year terms write
  legislation, supervise Council of Ministers,
  adopt budget elect president by 2/3 majority,
  vote president out of office by ¾ vote declare
  war, martial law, emergency rule, approve
  international agreements
• Proportional representation subject to 10
• Members elected by party lists drawn by party
  leaders when elected have immunity from
  prosecution
• Laws passed by TGNA, promulgated by president
  within 15 days

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Turkey

• Judicial branch
• Constitutional Court, highest court examine
  constitutionality of laws government actions
  members appointed by president
• Court of Cassation -court of appeal, Turkey
  follows Napoleonic code of civil law- 30
  specialized chambers members appointed by
  Supreme Council of Judges and Prosecutors-appointe
  d by president- listen to appeals from lower
  court
• Military Court of Appeals, cases related to
  military
• Council of State, settles administrative cases
  offers opinions on laws drafted by Council of
  Ministers

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Kemalism

• Kemalism only recognizes a republican regime for
  Turkey. Kemalism believes that it is only the
  republican regime which can best represent the
  wishes of the people
• principle of populism Kemalism is against class
  privileges and class distinctions and it
  recognizes no individual, no family, no class and
  no organization as being above others. create
  unity national identity-
• Secularism principle separation of state and
  religion, the separation of religion from
  educational, cultural and legal affairs
  abolished the caliphate other restrictions
  upon Islam, only against Islam supporters against
  modernization democracy-
• Reformism principle revolutionism- meant that
  the country replaced traditional institutions
  with modern institutions
• nationalism principle the Turkish state is an
  indivisible whole comprising its territory and
  people.
• Statism principle that the state was to regulate
  the country's general economic activity and the
  state was to engage in areas where private
  enterprise was not willing to do so, or where
  private enterprise had proved to be inadequate,
  or if national interest required it

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Tid-bits

• 2003 invasion of Iraq U.S. wanted to use Turkey
  as an outpost Turkey denied the U.S. for fear
  that Kurds from Northern Iraq would unite with
  Kurds in southeastern Turkey to continue their
  struggle for self-determination and the creation
  of an autonomous Kurdistan.
• Ethnicity 80 is Turkish, 17 Kurdish, Arabs,
  Armenians, Greeks, Jews.
• Religion 99 Muslim (mostly Sunni), Greek
  Orthodox, Armenian Apostolic, Judaism
• Literacy 86.5
• Economy agriculture, mining, minerals, diverse
  manufacturing
• Following EU reforms for membership Cyprus
  Human rights violations are major obstacles being
  dealt with.
• NATO member Incirlik Air Base
• Turkey is a fragmented state borders Black sea,
  Aegean sea, Mediterranean sea, Marmara sea, Iraq,
  Iran, Syria, Armenia, Georgia, Bulgaria, Greece
• Istanbul only metropolis to share two continents,
  most populated city in Europe
• Land of Troy, Noah's Ark, Pauls letters to the
  Ephesians