Presynaptic: transmitters

1
Topics

• Presynaptic transmitters
• general considerations
• criteria, types
• small molecules
• synthesis, location
• peptides
• roles, synthesis from precursors
• co-existence

2
Topics

• Postsynaptic second messengers
• access
• 7 transmembrane domain receptors, G proteins
• types
• cAMP, AA, DAG, IP3
• protein kinases
• truncating pathway
• utility

3
motor neur. ? skel. mus. ANS, esp. parasympath. n. basalis of Meynert presynaptic modulator myasthenia gravis Alzheimers
substan. nigra ? caudate n. midbrain ? limbic system Parkinsons drug addiction schizophrenia
sympathetic endings locus coeruleus depression
adrenal medulla (neurohormone)
raphé n. depression
glutamate major excitatory transmitter in brain stroke
major inhibitory transmitter in brain epilepsy
glycine major inhibitory transmitter in spinal cord
CAT
acetyl CoA choline
acetylcholine
TH
AAAD
tyrosine O2
L-DOPA
dopamine
DBH
dopamine
norepinephrine
OH
HO-
PNMT
norepinephrine
HO-
-CH-CH2-NH-CH3
epinephrine
TrH
AAAD
-CH2-CH2-NH2
tryptophan O2
5-HTP
serotonin
GAD
gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA)
glutamate
4
Principles, Table 15-3
5
Principles, Fig. 15-2
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(No Transcript)
7
Principles, Fig. 13-2
8
Principles, pg. 236
9
Principles, Fig. 13-6
10
Utility of second messengers

• lengthening of signal
• amplification of signal
• divergence to several targets
• convergence to single target
• spatial spreading of signal
• regulation of gene transcription