Precise Spectroscopy of Astrophysically Important Species

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Precise Spectroscopy of Astrophysically Important
Species

• Alexander V. Lapinov
•  Institute of Applied Physics of RAS
• N.Novgorod

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The 146 reported interstellar and circumstellar
molecules http//www.cv.nrao.edu/awootten/allmols
.html Molecules with Two Atoms H2 AlF AlCl C2
CH CH CN CO CO CF CP CS HCl KCl N2
NH NO NS NaCl OH PN SO SO SiC SiH SiN
SiO SiS HF SH FeO Molecules with Three
Atoms C3 C2H C2O C2S CH2 HCN HCO HCO
HCS HOC H2O H2S HNC HNO MgCN MgNC N2H
N2O NaCN OCS SO2 c-SiC2 CO2 NH2 H3 SiCN
AlNC SiNC Molecules with Four Atoms c-C3H l-C3H
C3N C3O C3S C2H2 CH3 CH2D? HCCN HCNH
HNCO HNCS HOCO H2CO H2CN H2CS H3O NH3
c-SiC3 C4 Molecules with Five Atoms C5
C4H C4H- l-C3H2 c-C3H2 CH2CN CH4 HC3N
HC2NC CH2NH HCOOH H2C2O H2NCN HNC3 SiH4
SiC4 H2COH
Molecules with Six Atoms C5H C5O C2H4 CH3CN
CH3NC CH3OH CH3SH HC3NH HC2CHO HCONH2
l-H2C4 HC4H HC4N C5N C5S
Molecules with Seven Atoms C6H
C6H- CH2CHCN CH3C2H HC5N HCOCH3 CH3NH2
c-C2H4O CH2CHOH Molecules with Eight
Atoms CH3C3N CH3OCHO CH3COOH C7H HC6H H2C6
CH2OHCHO CH2CHCHO Molecules with Nine Atoms C8H
C8H- CH3C4H CH3CH2CN CH3CONH2 CH3OCH3
CH3CH2OH HC7N Molecules with Ten Atoms CH3C5N?
(CH3)2CO NH2CH2COOH? CH3CH2CHO
HOCH2CH2OH Molecules with Eleven Atoms HC9N

Molecules with Twelve Atoms CH3OC2H5
(CH2OH)2CO C6H6
Molecules
with Thirteen Atoms HC11N
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Cumulative number of published identifications
(Major instruments in these identifications)
by M.Guelin, HighRus-2006
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Lapinov et al. 1998 Astron. Astrophys. 336,
1007
Simultaneous map of G261.64-2.09 at 0.8mm with
the same telescope beam
Line ? (MHz) µ0(D)
t(A-1) n (?m-3) Eup(K) CS(7-6)
342882.85484(82) 1.958(5) 20.0min 1.1x107
65.8 CO(3-2) 345795.98985(16)
0.10980(3) 4.7days 3.1x104 33.2
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Willacy K., Langer W.D., And Velusamy T. 1998 ApJ
507, L171DUST EMISSION AND MOLECULAR DEPLETION
IN L1499
MEM deconvolution of the HCN emission in L1498
based on OSO-20m measurements (right panel)
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General classification of molecular clouds
1. Warm clouds and Giant Molecular Complexes
Mgas 103 105 Msun Tk 30 300 K
?V 3 30 km/s required spectral
resolution ( 1MHz ?mm km/s) ?300GHz,
??ch 1MHz ? 1km/s 2. Dark clouds Mgas
1 100 Msun Tk 10 K ?V 0.1 1 km/s
required spectral resolution ( 1kHz ?mm
m/s) ?100GHz, ??ch 1kHz ? 3m/s Typical
accuracy of Lovas 2004 J.Pys.Chem.Ref.Data 33,
177 frequencies is 30-100kHz
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Lapinov 1989 Sov.Astr.33, 132
HCN emission of dark clouds
anomaly high intensity
RT-22 CrAO observations in 1994 with maser input
Tsys60K, spectr. resol. 100 kHz
Irvine W.M., Schloerb F.P. 1984 ApJ 282, 516
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HCN hyperfine structure
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Lapinov A.V. 1989 Soviet. Astr. 33, 132
Calculation of HCN Emission in Dark Clouds
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Examples of Observed HCN Lines at Different
Spectral Resolution
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Examples of Observed Lines with Different HCN
Asymmetry
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Interstellar HN13C J10
spectroscopy eQqN(HCN) -4.70783(6)MHz,
eQqN(HNC) -0.4 / 0.28(3)MHz ?
CN10.13(2)kHz,
CN? ?E hf -eQqN Y(F,J,I)
(CN /2)F,J,I Taking E(HNC) E(HCN) 3920
cm-1 at ?k293? we get X(HNC)/X(HCN)4x10-9
Snyder, Hollis and Buhl 1977 ApJ 215, L87
Frerking, Langer and Wilson 1979 ApJ 232, L65
L183B
TMC1/NH3
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HNC in L134A (anomaly hf structure?)
( Snyder L.E., Hollis J.M., and Buhl D. 1977 ApJ
215, L87 eQq(HNC) -0.4MHz !?)
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Location Pico Veleta, Sierra Nevada,
45km from Granada, Spain, Long
32333.7(W), Lat 370358.3(N), Alt 2920m
(eQqN275.71.4kHz, CN4.70.3kHz)
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Precise ?18? J1-0 ? J2-1 spectroscopy
C18O J10 ?cal109782.17580(15)MHz, sV0.40m/s
C18O J21 ?cal219560.35782(26)MHz, sV0.36m/s
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13CO hf structure ?E hfM (hCI /2)F(F1) -
J(J1) - I(I1)
?
Importance of 13CO hf splitting
J10 1.5CI49kHz ? 133m/s J21
2.5CI82kHz ? 111m/s ?Vth(Tk10K)126m/s
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Examples of 13CO Lamb-dip spectra
Cazzoli, Puzzarini Lapinov 2004 ApJ 611, 615
(Highly improved Lamb-dip observations and
fitting)
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Main results of 13CO spectroscopy
1) Good agreements of Lamb-dip CI constant with
molecular beam J1 estimates and CI
independence on J
a Ozier, Lawrence Ramsey 1968 MBMR b Meerts,
de Leeuw Dymanus 1977 MBER c Cazzoli,
Puzzarini Lapinov 2004 Lamb-dip
2) Extremely high accuracy of 13CO rotational
spectrum ? 1 kHz (1?) for all frequencies lt
1 ??? (?V ? 1?/? for ?lt1.5 ???)
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Multiline CO observations of starless dark clouds
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G.Yu.Golubiatnikov, A.V.Lapinov, A.Guarnieri, R.
Knöchel, 2005 J.Molec.Spectrosc. 234,
190Precise Lamb-dip measurements of millimeter
and submillimeter wave rotational transitions of
16O12C 34S
Precise OCS spectroscopy
All frequencies lt500GHz were measured at ? 1kHz
accuracy, for 0.89 1.1 THz with RAD
accuracy 10kHz Main results Precise
frequency comb with 12GHz step and calculated
accuracy 0.1 0.4kHz at lt500GHz
0.4 3.0kHz at lt 1THz
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Hf components Lamb-dip ratio
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Lapinov 2006 SPIE Proceedings 6580, 6858001
Re-analysis of HCN Lamb-dip data (on the
methodical errors in Ahrens et al. 2002
Z.Naturforsh. 57a, 669)
Previous errors 1) not full description of ghost
transitions, 2) not correct assumption about
Lamb-dip ratio Main results of new
analysis significantly higher accuracy of hf
frequencies in better agreement with all
molecular beam data and no eQq and CN dependence
on J. HCN J1-0 prediction Transition
Frequency(MHz) sV (m/s) F1-1
88630.415094(85) 0.29 F2-1
88631.847703(84) 0.28 F0-1
88633.935837(96) 0.32
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Lapinov et al. 2007 Astr. Lett.33, 121
HNCO Lab. spectroscopy
Line Vlsr(km/s) FWHM(m/s)
TA(K) 13CO(1-0) 7.0054(16) 663(4) !
5.48(3) C18O(1-0) 7.0047(19) 354(5)
1.59(2) HNCO(5-4) 6.9941(114) 332(33)
0.32(3) at X(13CO)/X(C18O)500/90 we
get Tex10.75K and t13CO(1-0)1.33(4)
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Yamada K. 1980 J. Mol. Spectrosc. 79, 323
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Lapinov 2006 SPIE Proceedings 6580, 6858001
H15NC interstellar spectroscopy
H15NC J1-0 rest frequency Laboratory
estimates 88 865.692(26)MHz Lovas F.J.,
2004 (Saykally et al. 1976, Ohio Symposium
31) 88 865.715(40)MHz Pearson et al. 1976 88
865.709(45)MHz Maki et al. 2001 Radio
astronomical estimates 88 865.6954(44)MHz (23
dark clouds) 88 865.6964(26)MHz (9 dark
clouds) H.Bechtel (MIT) jet mesurements 88
865.6955(20)MHz 16.03.07 05.04.07 88
865.6967(9)MHz 05.04.07
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The use of precise spectroscopy to study gas
motion in dark clouds
Line parameters used in dark clouds survey (gt50)
with IRAM-30m
without hf splitting a P.Casseli L.Dore 2005
AA 433, 1145 b G.Winnewisser, S.P.Belov,
Th.Klaus, R.Schieder 1997 J.Mol.Spectrosc. 184,
468
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List of measured spectra

• C18O
• 13CO
• OCS
• HNCO ground
• HN13C J1-0
• H15NC J1-0

• HNCO ?4 , ?5 ,?6
• NH2D-ortho
• NH2D-para
• ND2H-ortho
• ND2H-para
• ND3
• HNC, DNC, HN13C, H15NC, D15NC

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Thanks for yourattention!
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Lamb-dip spectroscopy
BWO
P1mTorr
Second harmonics detector
Lamb W.E. 1963 3rd Int.Conf.Quant.Elect
r., Paris Lamb W.E.1964
Phys.Rev.134,1429 MacFarlane R.A., Bennett W.R.,
Lamb W.E. 1963 Appl. Phys. Lett.
2, 189 ?????? ?.?. 1970 ???. ?????
??????????? XIII, 141
Accuracy of line center (Landman et al. 1982 ApJ
261, 732)
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OCS, HNCO, NH2D, ND2H, ND3... spectroscopy
co-authors (G.Yu Golubiatnikov, V.N.Markov,
A.Guarnieri, R.Knöchel)