MOBILE AD HOC CONFERENCE , PARIS 2002 M. Ergen

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MEWLANA-Mobile IP Enriched Wireless Local Area
Network ArchitecturebyMustafa Ergen Authors
Mustafa Ergen and Anuj Puriergen,anuj_at_eecs.berk
eley.eduBerkeley Web Over Wireless
Groupwow.eecs.berkeley.eduDepartment of
Electrical Engineering and Computer
ScienceUniversity of California Berkeley
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Introduction

• Mobile IP Ad-Hoc Networks Overview
• Motivation
• Network Architecture
• Protocol
• Previous Work -MIPMANET -on demand routing
• MEWLANA-TD - table driven routing
• MEWLANA-RD root driven routing (mesh networks)
• Performance Analysis
• Conclusion

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Mobile IP Ad-Hoc Networks

• Mobile IP
• Retain a fixed IP identity while moving.
• Mobile Node (MN)
• Home Agent (HA)
• Foreign Agent (FA)
• Correspondent Host (CH)
• Agent Advertisement
• Registration
• Tunneling
• Ad-Hoc Network
• No network infrastructure.
• Special routing protocol

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Motivation

• Mobile IP in Ad hoc Network
• High cost for building a large number of bases
• Total throughput limited by the number of cells
  in the area.
• High power consumption of mobile stations having
  the same transmission range as bases.
• Ad hoc networks are limited to be small scale.
• The number of bases or the transmission ranges of
  both mobile stations can be reduced.
• Connections are still allowed without base
  stations
• Multiple packets can be simultaneously
  transmitted within a cell
• Paths are less vulnerable than the ones in ad hoc
  networks because the bases can help reduce the
  wireless hop count.

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Motivation

• Does this new architecture impose new traffic
  characteristic?
• Inside traffic, Outside Traffic
• Can we classify the environments based on the
  traffic characteristics?
• Small or large size ad hoc network
• Intensity of inside and outside traffic
• Does using one kind of ad hoc routing give
  optimum result in all environments?

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Motivation
Example Intensity of outside traffic constant

• A conference
• Big Size Network
• High Inside Traffic

• A subway
• Big Size Network
• Negligible Inside Traffic

• A rescue mission
• Small Size Network
• High Inside Traffic

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Network Architecture

• Ad Hoc Routing Protocols
• Table Driven Routing
• DSDV,
• On Demand Routing
• AODV, DSR,
• Route Driven Routing
• TBBR (Tree Based Bidirectional Routing)

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Tree Based Bidirectional Routing
Mesh Network Routes from Foreign Agent to
Mobiles Routes from Mobiles to Foreign Agent
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Protocol-Main Components

• Discovering Base Station
• Unicast or Broadcast
• Registration Mechanism
• Inform the HA of the current location of the
  mobile
• Tunneling Mechanism from HA to FA
• Delivery from FA to mobile
• FA keeps a table of MAC address and IP address
  pair

Gateway Mobile
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Protocol-Agent Discovery

• Beacon Agent Advertisement Message (modified
  ICMP)
• Domain specific info DNS, CoA, hop count, source
  address.
• FA and MN duplicates the beacon hop count
• Hop count is to limit the serviced nodes and a
  decision mechanism
• MNs new access point CoA
• Mobile establish the route to the FA

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Protocol-Registration

• Normal Mobile IP Registration
• Registration Request MN4-gtMN3-gtMN2-gtMN1-gtFA-gtHA
• Registration Reply HA-gtFA-gtMN1-gtMN2-gtMN3-gtMN4
• Registration Request can get lost MN HA not
  registered.
• Registration Reply can get lost MN not
  registered but HA.
• Periodic registration update.

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Protocol-Tunneling

• Tunneling from HA to FA.

• Decapsulating in FA.

• Sending from FA to MN.

Gateway Mobile Node MAC Address
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Protocol-Hop Count
FA
FA2

• Lifetime of agent advertisement X hop count
• Change access point by considering hop count.

MN2
MN1
Ad hoc Domain
C
E
A
B
F
D
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Protocol-OVERHEAD

• MIPO Mobile IP Overhead
• Beacon Flooding
• AHRO Ad Hoc Routing Overhead
• Routing Table Formation
• NHIT Number of Hops for Inside Traffic
• Source and Destination is in the same ad hoc
  domain
• NHOT Number of Hops for Outside Traffic Load
  constant
• Source and Destination is in different domains

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Previous Work-MIPMANET

• Designed with on demand routing
• Agent Advertisement
• Beacon Flooding
• Ad Hoc Routing
• AODV
• Create route before send
• High MIPO
• AHRO reduced
• NHIT depends on size

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MEWLANA-TD

• Designed with table driven routing
• Agent Advertisement Dynamic Beaconing
• Initiate advertisement when the routing table
  changes
• Ad Hoc Routing
• DSDV- route table exchange
• Low MIPO
• High AHRO
• NHIT depends on size

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MEWLANA-TD

• Dynamic Beaconing
• There exists a route for each node
• Low MIPO
• High AHRO
• NHIT depends on size

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MEWLANA-RD
Depth Level Number (DLN) Hop Count eliminate
loop Routes (1) From mobile to FA Beacon
Routes (2) From FA to mobiles Multi Hop
Registration Request
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MEWLANA-RD
Multi Hop Registration Request
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MEWLANA-RD

• Beacon flooding
• Create tree
• Performance degradation in inside traffic
• If in different tree, connect with Mobile IP
• High MIPO
• No AHRO
• Higher NHIT compared to others

-
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Empirical Classification
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Simulation Parameters

• NS-2
• CBR Source 1-10
• 10 packets per second
• 512bytes
• Beacon Period 1 sec.
• Nodes4,8,32,64,128
• PF Performance Factor
• BCD1
• A is scaling factor
• PF Performance Factor

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Simulation
Performance Factor
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Conclusion

• Classification of the environment
• Size and traffic intensity
• MEWLANA-TD Small size and High inside traffic
• Dynamic Beaconing
• MEWLANA-RD Large size and Low inside traffic
• Eliminate Ad hoc Routing Protocol Overhead
• MIPMANET Large size and High inside traffic
• Demand routing protocol when there is need.

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Reference

• Royer, C. Toh, A Review of Current Routing
  Protocols for Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks
  IEEE Personal Communications, Vol. 6, No.2,
  pp.46-55, April 1999.
• Broch J., Maltx D. ,Johnson D.,Hu Y.,Jetcheva J.,
  A Performance Comparison of Multi-Hop Wireless
  Ad Hoc Network Routing Protocols, The fourth
  annual ACM/IEEE international conference on
  Mobile computing and networking, October 25-30,
  1998, Dallas, TX USA
• Ulf Jonsson, Fredrik Alriksson, Tony Larsson, Per
  Johansson, Gerald Q. Maquire Jr. MIPMANET-Mobile
  IP for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, MOBIHOC 2000.
• Hui Lei and Charles E. Perkins, Ad hoc
  networking with Mobile IP in Proceedings of 2nd
  European Personal Mobile Communication
  Conference, Sept. 1997.