JAPANs GV Strategy and Plans for GPM

1
JAPANs GV Strategy and Plans for GPM

• K. Nakamura (Nagoya Univ.)
• R. Oki (JAXA), M. Kojima (JAXA),
• and T. Iguchi (NICT)

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EO Roadmap- Approach -
Goals to achieve by prioritization (1)to
establish a frequentcontinuous observation
system through intl cooperation. (2)to use
satellite data for the following purposes -intl
treaty verification, environmental policy,
weather forecasting -contribution to improving
quality of peoples life
Global Warming Monitoring Program prioritizing
on global warming which has urgency and
necessity ?Greenhouse gas observation mission
(observation of materials which

causes the global warming) ?Water cycle
observation mission (observation of primary
effect of the
global warming) ?Climate
change observation mission (long-term continuous
observation
of effects of global
warming)
3
Objectives
?Global water cycle understanding and
prediction ?Short-term weather forecast, disaster
(heavy rain, typhoon, flood/drought)
warning Global, hourly observation of vapor
and rain and near-real time delivery of
data
Water Cycle Study and Prediction
Observationprediction of Rainfall and vapor
Observation accuracy improvement
Advancement of high frequency Observation of
Global rainfall, snowfall And vapor every
3h?0.1mm/h
Weather forecast improvement(JMA) Contribution to
WSSD IP(MLIT)
High frequency observation of Global rainfall
and snowfall Every 3hours?0.2mm/h ltGPMgt
Observation of tropical rainfall ltTRMMgt Every
2days?0.5mm/h
Continuous obsrevation for Continuous
understanding
Observation of Rainfall over ocean ltAMSR-E,
ADEOS-IIgt Every day?0.5mm/h
WSSD Implementation Plan
WSSD Implementation Plan
Observation of soil moisture, snow and ice, land
surface
Improved accuracy of Snowice, soil moisture SST,
land cover
Snowice, soil moisture SST, land cover
Weather forecast, application research by
seasonal forecast(JMA?FRSGC)
Snowice, SST, Land cover (surface) ltAMSR-E,
ADEOS-II, ALOSgt

• Study on new parameter estimation

2002
2010
2020
Year
4
EO Satellite Road Map
20022006
20072011
20122017
Global monitoring of the Earths environment
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INITIATIVE OF NASDA
NASDA provides satellites data for water cycle
research
CEOP(Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period) For
global water cycle research from 2001 to 2005
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GPM Reference Concept

• Core Satellite
• Dual-frequency Precipitaion Radar (JAXA and NiCT)
• Multi-frequency Radiometer (NASA)
• H2-A Launch (TBD)
• TRMM-like Spacecraft
• Non-Sun Synchronous Orbit
• 65 Inclination
• 407 km Altitude
• 5 km Horizontal Resolution
• 250 m / 500m Vertical Resolution

• Constellation Satellites
• Small Satellites with Microwave Radiometers
• Aggregate Revisit Time, 3 Hour goal
• Sun-Synchronous Polar Orbits
• 500900 km Altitude

• Global Precipitation Processing Center
• Capable of Producing Global Precipitation Data
  Products as Defined by GPM Partners

• Precipitation Validation Sites
• Global Ground Based Rain Measurement

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GPM/DPR development schedule
Sep. 22, 2005 update
DRR1
DRR2
PRR
Reviews in JAXA
PQR/PSR
PDR(DPR)
CDR
PDR(KaPR)
Launch
Critical Design
Prelimi-nary Design
Normal Operation
Sustaining Design
Conceptual Design
Init.C/O
BBM
Component Experiment
S/C-system Support
EM
PFM (KuPR)
Launch Operation (NASA/JAXA)
PFT
STM (KuPR,KaPR)
BBM (NICT)
EM (NICT)
PFM (KaPR)
Ka Concept Design
18 months
KaPR Preliminary Design
Init Oper
OperTrain
Cal/Val
Integration MST
Ground System Investigation
Ground System Design Fabrication
Algorithm Examination
Algorithm Test/Improvement, Application and
Validation
Algorithm Development
Algorithm Examination
RA
RA
RI
RI
Research and Utilization
Investigation
Critical Design
Conceptual Design (GSFC)
Install Test
FM Fabrication Assembly
Preliminary Design
PDR
CDR
PQR/PSR
PRR Project Readiness Review, DRR Development
Readiness Review, PDR Preliminary Design Review,
CDR Critical Design Review, PFT Proto Flight
Test, PQR Post Qualification-test Review, PSR
Pre-Shipment Review, MST Mission Simulation
Test
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Main objective of GPM

• To establish accurate and frequent
• global precipitation observation system

Basic Mission Requirements of GPM

• To observe the global precipitation
• To accurately measure the precipitation
• To frequently measure the precipitation

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Design of the GPM Core Satellite and the DPR
GMI
JAXA and NiCT (Japan) DPR (KuPR and KaPR),
Launcher NASA (US) Spacecraft, GMI
KuPR
KaPR
Basic design of KuPR and KaPR is the almost same
as TRMM PR.
(Spacecraft design by NASA/GSFC)
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Concept of precipitation measurement by the GPM
core satellite
Flight direction

• Dual-frequency precipitation radar (DPR) consists
  of
• Ku-band (13.6GHz) radar KuPR
• and
• Ka-band (35.5GHz) radar KaPR

407 km altitude, 65 deg inclination
GMI
DPR
49
38
49
37
13
1
1
12
KaPR 120 km (24 beams)
KuPR 245 km (49 beams)
Microwave radiometer swath width800km
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Main Characteristics of DPR
Minimum detectable rainfall rate is defined by
Ze200 R1.6 (TRMM/PR Ze372.4 R1.54 )
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Current Status of the DPR Development

• DPR is currently being developed by JAXA and
  NiCT. The conceptual design work has almost
  completed.
• JAXA constructed and examined the KuPR T/R Unit
  (Bread Board Model BBM). We justified the
  conceptual design and confirmed the possibility
  of the T/R Unit.
• NiCT has almost completed to fabricate and is
  currently examining the KaPR T/R Unit
  (Engineering Model EM).

T/R Unit BBM of KuPR
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KuPR system block diagram
Antenna subsystem
T/R module
001
TX/RX subsystem
001
01
8 Div/comb
SSPA
PHS
Waveguide slot antenna
LNA


008
LNA
008
16 Div/comb
PHS
SSPA
T/R unit
Waveguide slot antenna

System Control and Data Processing

TDA
HYB
Frequency Converter and IF
Telemetry command

TDA
System Control and Data Processing
HYB
RDA
BPF
Frequency Converter and IF
Telemetry command
RDA
BPF
16
121
Waveguide slot antenna

Signal Processing Subsystem
CPS
SW
128
CPS
8 Div/comb
Waveguide slot antenna
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GPM status in Japan

• GPM is ranked among future missions in the
  Roadmap of EO scenario for the new space agency.
• Phase B study from JFY 03 was approved by SAC
  (MEXT) on Nov. 27. Though Ministry of Finance
  did not approve GPM study as phase B officially,
  budget and personnel requests were accepted as
  requested by MEXT. Not an established project,
  but quasi-project in EORC/JAXA.
• GPM science team was established in August 2003.
• Preliminary evaluation has successfully passed in
  NASDA (JAXA) in the last August. Next one will be
  in February/March 2004.
• GCOM-B1 need feasibility study for less
  constellation satellite case.
• Building up International framework is a matter
  of great urgency for us to request next phase-up
  and budget by May/June time frame.
• The 3rd GPM workshop was at ESTEC in June 2003.
• GPM GV workshop was held in UK in November 2003.
• Asia GPM workshop was held in February in 2004.

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• GPM Planning Workshop will be held in Tokyo for
  7-9 November
• GPM science team
• Algorithm development
• GSMaP led by Prof. K. Okamoto
• DPR algorithms
• High resolution non-hydrostatic atmospheric model
• Earth Simulator

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Global modelling study

• Global Cloud Resolving Model NICAM
• (Nonhydrostatic ICosahedral Atmospheric Model)
• Satoh,M., Tomita,H., Nasuno,T., Iga,S.-I.,
  Miura,H.
• (Frontier
  Research System for Global Change)
• Use of the Earth Simulator
• ?x3.5km grid interval using the icosahedral grid
• Nonhydrostatic model with explicit cloud physics

The Earth Simulator
Icosahdral grid
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glevel-1
glevel-2
glevel-4
glevel-3
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Lifecycle experiment of baroclinic waves

• Results at day 10
• Temperature velocity fields at z180m

Glevel-6 120km
Glevel-8 30km
Glevel-11 3.5km