Chapter 5 Standard Features

1
Chapter 5 Standard Features
CS240-Intermediate Programming
Created by Andrew StaugaardModified by Prof.
Martins

• Chaminade University of Honolulu
• Department of Computer Science

2
Contents

• Arithmetic Operators
• Assignment Operators
• Some Standard Functions in C

3
Objectives

• When you are finished with this chapter, you
  should have a good understanding of
• The standard arithmetic operators in C
• The order of precedence used for arithmetic
  operators in C
• The standard mathematical functions provided by
  the math.h header files

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Objectives

• How to call the standard math functions
• The increment/decrement operators
• Pre-increment versus post-increment
• Simple and compound assignment operators in c
• The use of trig functions in C

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Chapter 5

• The C Arithmetic Operators
• Addition
• Subtraction
• Multiplication ?
• Division /
• Modulus (remainder)
• Increment
• Decrement _ _

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Order of Precedence
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Increment/Decrement

• If a variable is pre-incremented or
  pre-decremented within an expression, the
  variable is incremented/decremented before the
  expression is evaluated.
• On the other hand, if a variable is post
  incremented or post decremented within an
  expression, the variable is incremented/decremente
  d after the expression is evaluated.

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The C Assignment Operators

• Simple assignment
• Addition/assignment
• Subtraction/assignment ?
• Multiplication/assignment ?
• Division/assignment /
• Modulus/assignment

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Conversion Functions

• toascii() Converts a character to its
• ASCII value.
• tolower() Converts a character to
• lowercase.
• toupper() Converts a character to
• uppercase.

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Math Functions

• abs() Returns the absolute value of the
• argument.
• acos() Returns the arc cos of the argument
  
• (radians).
• asin() Returns the arc sin of the argument
• (radians).
• atan() Returns the arc tan of the
• argument (radians).
• cos() Returns the cosine of the
  argument
• (radians).

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Math Functions

• hypot(a,b) Returns the hypotenuse of a right
• triangle.
• log() Returns the natural log of the
• argument.
• log10() Returns the base 10 log of the
• argument.

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Math Functions (continued)

• pow(x,y) Returns x raised to the power of
• pow10(y) Returns 10 raised to the power of y.
• rand() Generates random number.
• srand() Initializes the random-number
• generator .
• sin() Returns the sine of the argument
• (radians).

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Math Functions (continued)

• sqrt() Returns the square root of the
• argument.
• tan() Returns the tangent of the
• argument (radians).

14
Chapter 5

• Trig Functions Evaluate Radians, Not Degrees
• The standard trig functions in the C math.h
  header file evaluate radians, not degrees.
  Multiply degrees by PI/180 within the trig
  function argument to convert degrees to radians.

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Chapter 5

• Generating A Random Number Between 0 and 99
• srand(1) randomValue rand() 100