Mendel discovered that inheritance follows rules of chance'

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Chapter 10.2

• Mendel discovered that inheritance follows rules
  of chance.

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Study Guide

• Source
• Campbell, N.A., Williamson, B., and Heyden, R.J.
  (2004) Biology Exploring Life. Upper Saddle
  River, New Jersey Pearson Education, Inc.,
  Chapter 4.

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hybrid
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• hybrid offspring of two different
  true-breeding varieties

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Monohybrid cross
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• monohybrid cross mating of two organisms that
  differ in only one character

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allele
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• allele alternative form of a gene

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homozygous
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• homozygous having identical alleles for a gene

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hetrozygous
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• heterozygous having different alleles for a
  gene

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dominant
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• dominant descriptive of an allele in a
  heterozygous individual that appears to be the
  only one affecting a trait

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recessive
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• recessive descriptive of an allele in a
  heterozygous individual that does not appear to
  affect a trait

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Punnett square
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• Punnett square diagram showing the
  probabilities of the possible outcomes of a
  genetic cross

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phenotype
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• phenotype observable traits of an organism

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genotype
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• genotype genetic makeup of an organism an
  organism's combination of alleles

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Testcross
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• testcross mating of an individual of unknown
  genotype but dominant phenotype with a homozygous
  recessive individual

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Dihybrid cross
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• dihybrid cross mating of two organisms that
  differ in two characters

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What are the two possible gametes produced by a
plant that has the genotype Aa? Give the
probability of each type of gamete.
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What are the two possible gametes produced by a
plant that has the genotype Aa? Give the
probability of each type of gamete.

• A or a.
• One half.

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Use a Punnett square to predict the possible
genotypes produced by a plant (Aa) if the plant
is self-fertilized. Calculate the possibility of
each outcome.
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Use a Punnett square to predict the possible
genotypes produced by a plant (Aa) if the plant
is self-fertilized. Calculate the possibility of
each outcome.
A
a
Probability of each outcome
AA 1/4
A
Aa
AA
Aa 1/2
aa 1/4
a
aA
aa
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State Mendels principle of segregation.
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Mendels Principle of Segregation

• When gametes form, the alleles separate
  (segregate). Each gamete carries one allele for
  each trait.

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Describe Mendels principle of independent
assortment.
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Mendels Principle of Independent Assortment

• This principle states that the alleles for
  different genes are sorted into gametes
  independently.