Carrier Ethernet for Mobile Backhaul

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Carrier Ethernet for Mobile Backhaul
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Topics Carrier Ethernet for Mobile Backhaul

• Current status and trends
• Activating Carrier Ethernet for Mobile Backhaul
• Issues and Solutions for Mobile Backhaul
• MEFs role in enabling Mobile Backhaul
  infrastructure deployment
• Questions from the Audience

3
Panel Members
Andrew Sachs Director of Solutions
Strategy JDSU Andrew.sachs_at_jdsu.com 301-455-5277
Hossam Salib SVP Marketing/PLM CO Founder,
Aktino Hossam.salib_at_aktino.com 949 258 0545
x226
Ioannis Kanellakopoulos, PhD CTO Actelis
Networks ioannis_at_actelis.com Tel
1-510-545-1035
Eitan Schwartz VP, Pseudowire and Ethernet
Access RAD Data Communications Eitan_sc_at_rad.com 20
1-378-0311
4
Carrier Ethernet for Mobile Backhaul

• Current Status and Trends

Hossam Salib SVP Marketing/PLM CO Founder,
Aktino Hossam.salib_at_aktino.com 949 258 0545 x226
5
Mobile Backhaul Trends

• Over 2.5 billion mobile phone users in 2006,
  growing to 3.6 billion in 2010
• Growing dependence on mobile connection
• Data and video mobility for all
• Growing Data Video more asymmetrical
• Traffic grows exponentially, ARPU/revenue does
  not
• The 1 driver for new backhaul technologies
• Carrier Ethernet for backhaul
• Ethernet microwave
• Wireline Ethernet copper, coax, fiber, DOCSIS,
  DSL, PON

Source Infonetics Research, 2008
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Mobile Backhaul Has Dynamic Growth
9/06
7/07

• Symmetrical BW required for existing 2G/3G
  traffic
• Growing Data Video more asymmetrical

Legacy TDM
Movies, music, news, more music, text, web, more
content ..
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Industry trends

• Demand for bandwidth will grow
  
  disproportionately more than
  
  revenue for the operator
• The bandwidth increase will primarily be on Best
  Effort data user services, and driven by flat
  fee business models
• Search for technologies to provide cheaper and
  more effective ways to meet the capacity grow at
  a lower CAPEX and OPEX
• Evolution towards Ethernet/IP based mobile
  solutions

Source Light Reading
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RAN Backhaul Bandwidth issues..
Today
Older Radio Technology gets .5 to 1 bits per Htz
and much Spectrum is unused
Today Spectrum is chopped up for use in various
inefficient radio technologies. This limits the
RAN backhaul requirements.
VZW 60 Mhz 7.5 Mb
Sprint 140 Mhz 7.5 Mb
Total Average Cell Site Bandwidth utilization 18
T-1s or 27 Meg
ATT/ Cingular 80 Mhz 9 Mb
T-Mo 50 Mhz 3 Mb
New radio technologies get 2 bits per Hz More
purchasable spectrum available Increased data
demand Greatly increase RAN backhaul needs.
Very Soon
660 Meg potential backhaul requirements
AND GROWING As more Spectrum is auctioned off and
radio systems become more efficient. -100 meg or
more per cell sites requirement will start in
2008-9
Mobile Cell Site
Spectrum and Mobile providers potential
VZW 60 Mhz 120Mb
VZW
Sprint
Sprint 140 Mhz 280 Mb
ATT
ATT/ Cingular 80 Mhz 160Mb
T-Mo 50 Mhz 100Mb
T-Mo
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Carrier Ethernet for Mobile Backhaul

• Activating Carrier Ethernet for Mobile Backhaul

Andrew Sachs Director of Solutions
Strategy JDSU Andrew.sachs_at_jdsu.com 301-455-5277
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What the Wireless Carriers are Thinking about

• Migration to IP
• WiMax LTE are all IP
• CDMA is moving there rapidly
• UMTS 3G is moving to IP via ATM, Ethernet
  Radios this year
• Cell Site equipment Mobile applications being
  designed for IP
• Circuit Emulation to sustain TDM infrastructure
• Bandwidth Growth Need to plan for 15 to 20
  times the growth of bandwidth and systems over
  the next 5 to 8 years.
• Mobile operators are looking to Lower Costs
• Broadband costs less per bit than T1
• Reduce the amount of systems -- simplify

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Ethernet Options Solve Backhaul Cost Problem

• PDH (T1/E1 etc.) costs climb directly with
  bandwidth
• Ethernet wireline costs grow gently with large
  bandwidth increases (Eth, DSL, PON, cable)
• New IP/Ethernet wireline options to satisfy the
  the 1 investment driver operational cost savings

Stay on PDH
Ethernet
Source Infonetics Research Mobile Backhaul
Equipment, Installed Base, and Services, 2007
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Mobile Backhaul Options
1000BT
100BT
GigE
GBE Direct Fiber
10/100BT
WDM
EoDOCSIS
Leased Ethernet
Service Provider Network
100BT
ADM
EoSONET/SDH
Radio
RAN NC
Leased T1/DS3
PON
nxT1
EoT1/DS3
100BT

• Mobile backhaul Ethernet can be delivered over a
  variety of access technologies

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Ethernet Growth by Backhaul Technology - NA
New Circuit Growth North America

• Source Heavy Reading, 4Q07

• In North America, T1s continue to be the dominant
  backhaul technology for the period 2007-2011. For
  new Ethernet deployments, most will be served by
  Ethernet over fiber (59) and microwave (25)
  technologies.

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Progression to an All-Packet Network
Base Station Interfaces
2G/2.5G TDMGSM/GPRS, TDMA, CDMA
3G ATM UMTS Rel. 99
3G/4G Ethernet/IP UMTS rev. 56, CDMA 1X EV-DO,
WiMax, UTRAN LTE
Benefits Scalable bandwidth, OpEx savings with
fast ROI, future proof architecture Challenge
Precise timing over asynchronous packet networks,
OAM, availability of high speed links (fiber)
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Challenges and RequirementsTransport Providers
and Mobile Operators

• Transport providers are trying to
• Support multiple operators at the same tower
• Accurately and independently regenerate timing
  per mobile operator
• Deliver quality service (low latency, jitter and
  packet loss)
• Support variety of cellular protocols with TDM,
  ATM and Ethernet interfaces
• Provide diagnostic tools to operator, such as
  in-band facility loopbacks
• Find hardened units for use in compact outdoor
  cabinets

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Challenges and RequirementsTransport Providers
and Mobile Operators

• Mobile operators are looking for flexible
  equipment that can
• Take advantage of the lowest cost, highest
  bandwidth access networks
• Optimize usage of access links with intelligent
  oversubscription, idle flag suppression, Abis
  optimization, DBA, per VC switching, etc.
• Detect faults and network degradation (excessive
  latency, jitter, etc.)
• Monitor performance to ensure SLA guarantees are
  met

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Carrier Ethernet for Mobile Backhaul

• Issues and Solutions for Mobile Backhaul

Eitan Schwartz VP, Pseudowire and Ethernet
Access RAD Data Communications Eitan_sc_at_rad.com 20
1-378-0311
18
Mobile issues SLAs and PM

• Service performance and SLAs
• Delay, delay variation and timing are key for
  Mobile backhaul
• Metro Ethernet Forum (MEF)
• Recommended key parameters for SLAs MEF 10.1
• Service availability, frames lost, frame delay,
  frame delay variation
• Defined the what, not the how
• RFC-2819 - RMON Etherstats
• Monitoring of local performance (eg node or LAN)
• Y.1731/802.1ag
• Focused on end to end service (WAN)
• Includes both monitoring and test
• Frame delay, frame delay variation, frame loss
  ratio
• Diagnostics
• Ethernet Frame loss, latency throughput using
  RFC-2544 and MAC swap loopbacks
• Circuit Emulation using ANSI T1 403 inband
  facility loopbacks

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Support for Legacy Services over Ethernet

• Circuit Emulation / Pseudowire technology enables
  legacy migration to packet-switched networks (IP,
  Ethernet, and MPLS).
• MEF-8 IA for the Emulation of PDH Circuits over
  Carrier Ethernet
• MEF-18 Abstract Test Suite for Circuit Emulation
  Services
• Pseudowire challenges
• Packetization and Encapsulation of TDM Traffic
• Attenuate Packet Delay Variation (PDV or Jitter)
• Compensate for Frame Loss and Out-of-Sequence
  Packets
• Recover Clock and Synchronization

PWE3 1
PWE3 2
Pseudowire Enabled EDD
Pseudowire Enabled EDD
Carrier Ethernet
BTS
TDM, ATM FR, etc.
TDM, ATM FR, etc.
Tunnel
Legacy Service
Pseudowire Legacy Emulated Service
Legacy Service
BRAS
DSLAM
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Synchronization Over Packet Switched Networks
IMA or OC-3/STM-1
3G RNC
OC-3/ STM-1
PWE3
3G Node B
PWE3
Packet Switched Network
FE
GbE
2G BSC
Ch.OC-3 /DS3Ch. STM-1
E1/T1 TDM
Primary Reference Clock (PRC)
2G BTS
G.823/824 Compliant Clock
Synchronization Information

• 2G/2.5G/3G require accurate frequency reference
• GSM (50ppb), UMTS (16ppb) CDMA (uses GPS
  receivers)
• Ideally holdover of 16 ppb 1 ppb of aging per
  day
• Recovered clock at the cell site should conform
  to ITU-T G.823/G.824 Sync interface using
  G.8261-defined scenarios
• Multiple Timing Domains
• System timing with master and fallback sources

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Mobile Backhaul Synchronization over Ethernet

• Cellular base stations of any generation (2G,
  2.5G and 3G) require a highly accurate frequency
  reference
• The possibility of deriving transmission
  frequencies from this reference
• Lengthy synchronization procedures between cells
  (for hand-off) when their clocks are not
  sufficiently similar
• CDMA over Ethernet
• From a timing point of view, this is relatively
  straightforward since CDMA uses GPS receivers at
  each cell site
• Therefore each base station is effectively self
  synchronizing with master clocks in the GPS
  Satellite network
• GSM, W-CDMA and UMTS over Ethernet
• Base stations rely on a recovered clock from the
  T1/E1 leased line or microwave link to which they
  are connected
• 50 parts per billion of frequency error is
  required to support the GSM handoff mechanism as
  mobile stations wander from one cell to the
  other.
• With UMTS, the clock should have frequency
  stability of less than 16 ppb

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Primary Synchronization Methods

• Adaptive
• Clock is distributed over the PSN as TDM stream
  and is adaptively recovered solely using
  time-of-arrival information
• The format of the clock stream is a standard PWE3
  flow, so interoperability with 3rd party vendors
  is simplified
• Independent of the physical layer
• IEEE 1588v2
• Time and frequency distribution protocol based on
  time-stamp information exchange (similar to NTP)
• If the PSN network elements do not support 1588,
  then 1588 and adaptive deliver the same frequency
  recovery performance
• Note that 1588 is just the packet format what is
  critical is the clock recovery algorithm, which
  is not standardized
• ITU G.8261 (Synchronous Ethernet)
• Uses the physical layer of Ethernet for accurate
  frequency distribution
• Unaffected by network impairments (e.g., PDV,
  Packet-loss, etc.)

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Carrier Ethernet can provide Mobile Backhaul
Radio Access Network
Mobile Core Network
2G/3G/xG Base Stations
Aggregation
MSC
Voice Trunking
Node-B / BTS/
BSC RNC
Pseudowire
MSC
Intelligent Demarcation
WiMAX
MSC
Wireless
TrafficOptimization
Node-B / BTS/

• Reduce transport costs by migrating 2G/2.5G, 3G
  and 4G to scalable, lower cost, higher bandwidth
  Ethernet

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Example WiMAX Backhaul over Ethernet with QoS

• Traffic Classification, Policing, Scheduling,
  Shaping
• OAM for non-intrusive monitoring of Connection
  (CFM) and Performance (PM)
• MAC swap loopbacks for diagnostics tests and
  performance monitoring
• Hub locations Oversubscription and shaping to
  3rd party networks CIR/EIR

WSC
4G
BS
WiMAX Aggregator
Ethernet / MPLS
CESR
NMS
FE /GbE
PE
HUB
Test Head
Transport Network 3rd Party Transport Provider
OAM Edge-to-end
Segment 1 Segment 2
Segment 3 SLA monitoring and diagnostics
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Carrier Ethernet for Mobile Backhaul

• MEFs role in enabling Mobile Backhaul
  infrastructure deployment

Ioannis Kanellakopoulos, PhD CTO Actelis
Networks ioannis_at_actelis.com Tel
1-510-545-1035
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Mobile Backhaul Implementation Agreement

• The structure of the document provides generic
  guidelines for several mobile technologies
  specific guidelines for a given mobile technology
  may also be specified

• MEF Mobile Backhaul
• Standardized services
• Certification
• Interoperability
• UNI Requirements
• Ethernet OAM (Link OAM and Service OAM)
• Protection and Fault Recovery Requirements
• Service Requirements
• CoS Requirements
• Service Definitions
• Synchronization

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Todays Mobile Backhaul MEF Use Cases

• The Implementation Agreement identifies four
  generic deployment scenarios that capture the
  main short term and long term deployment
  possibilities

Legacy
Legacy Transport
Legacy RAN
Legacy RAN
Legacy non-packet RAN and non-packet
transport
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Packet offload over carrier Ethernet 1a
Legacy
Carrier Ethernet Network
Generic Interworking Function
Generic Interworking Function
UNI
UNI
Legacy Network
RAN BTS
RAN NC

• Overlay MEN does bandwidth offloading onto
  Ethernet services
• Legacy network continues to transport voice and
  deliver timing

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Emulation over Carrier Ethernet 1b
Legacy
Carrier Ethernet Network
Generic Interworking Function
Generic Interworking Function
RAN BTS
UNI
UNI
RAN NC

• RAN nodes with legacy interfaces transport all
  traffic over Ethernet services using emulation
  technologies

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RAN dual stack 2a
Legacy
Eth/IP
Legacy Network
Carrier Ethernet Network
RAN BTS
UNI
UNI
RAN NC

• RAN nodes are equipped with Ethernet and legacy
  interfaces
• Overlay legacy network transport voice and
  delivers sync MEN is used for BW offloading

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Full Ethernet BTS and Transport Network 2b
Eth/IP
Carrier Ethernet Network
RAN BTS
UNI
UNI
RAN NC

• New RAN nodes with native Ethernet interfaces
• All traffic is transported over Ethernet services

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Separation of Voice and HSPA Data over Ethernet /
IPUse case 1ab and 2ab example
Use Case 1a
NE1 ATM/IMA or STM1/VC4
Cell Site
TDM or ATM Backhaul
T1/E1/ orATM Aggregation
Voice
Data
Node B / BTS
FE / GE Aggregation
RNC/BSC
FE/GE
Pico/Femto
Use Case 1b
NT1/E1 ATM/IMA or STM1/VC4
Ethernet / MPLS All-IP
Ethernet
FE / GE Aggregation
RNC/BSC
NT1/E1TDM
Use Case 2a/b same as 1a/b except BTS/NodeB have
Ethernet Interfaces
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MEF 18 Certification for Mobile Backhaul CES

• MEF 18 provides standard testing of Circuit
  Emulation Services over Ethernet
• Speeds implementation and enables full
  inter-operability
• 334 ground breaking tests and certifications in
  the suite
• MEF 18 has many applications but is key to Mobile
  Backhaul migration strategies
• Lead by strong service provider demand
• Industry first impairment testing brings first
  test of emulation of clock recovery
• Raise the level of confidence that clock recovery
  will meet the stringent requirements of mobile
  backhaul.

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Closing

• Carrier Ethernet is in demand for Mobile Backhaul
• There are Ethernet deployment options for all
  mobile backhaul situations
• Carrier Ethernet technology is rising to meet the
  stringent technical and operational requirements
  of Mobile Backhaul
• The MEF is working in conjunction with other
  standards organizations to ensure that scalable
  solutions are available

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Panel Members QA
Andrew Sachs Director of Solutions
Strategy JDSU Andrew.sachs_at_jdsu.com 301-455-5277
Hossam Salib SVP Marketing/PLM CO Founder,
Aktino Hossam.salib_at_aktino.com 949 258 0545
x226
Ioannis Kanellakopoulos, PhD CTO Actelis
Networks ioannis_at_actelis.com Tel
1-510-545-1035
Eitan Schwartz VP, Pseudowire and Ethernet
Access RAD Data Communications Eitan_sc_at_rad.com 20
1-378-0311
36
Thank You