Teaching Practice in an Electronic World

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Teaching Practice in an Electronic World

• Diane Janes, M.Ed.
• University of Saskatchewan
• May 6-7, 2004
• University of Manitoba
• Winnipeg, Manitoba
• (Created with Dr. Katherine McManus, Simon
  Fraser University)

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Agenda

• Introductions
• Teaching Perspectives Inventory - introduction
• Perspectives and Practice
• Individual TPI Profile
• Technology and Teaching

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Aphorisms about Teaching

• Teaching perspectives are the fundamental
  beliefs about what influences learning and gives
  direction to teaching. (Pratt)
• Academic knowledge is knowledge of descriptions
  of the world and will become known by students
  through operations on them. Teaching, then, is
  a rhetorical process and is the dialogue we have
  with students. (Laurillard)

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Transmission Perspective

• The teachers role is to transmit a stable body
  of knowledge or procedures to learners
  efficiently.
• The teachers primary responsibility is to
  present content accurately.

Teacher
Contents
Learners
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Transmission

• Aim of teaching is to impart knowledge items
  of knowledge exist in an objective sense in the
  external world and we acquire knowledge from the
  world via our senses and our teachers.
• Teachers must
• Present structured chunks of knowledge
• Test understanding of phenomena
• Focus on a few critical issues and show how they
  relate.

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Apprenticeship Perspective
Teacher

• Instruction focuses on the language and rules of
  a specific learning community.
• Teachers are expected to embody the knowledge and
  values of their community

Contents
Learners
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Apprenticeship

• Learning includes learning to generalize a
  reasoning process
• Teachers can
• offer mapping activities about internal (to
  field or subject) relations.
• clarify structure
• support linking process
• use formative evaluation frequently

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Developmental Perspective

• The teachers role is to disturb the students
  equilibrium.
• Instruction embraces methods to create
  dissonance.
• Usually course materials and discussion aim to
  create space where students can revise their
  understanding.

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Developmental

• There must be an understanding of how the teacher
  and student should interact.
• Aim of teaching is to make learning possible.
• Knowledge grows only through criticism.
• Teachers can
• use socratic tutoring techniques
• make learners conceptions explicit to them
• use reflective teaching strategies

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Social Reform Perspective

• Instruction embraces a change agenda.
• Learning course content is secondary to learning
  context.
• Emphasis is on social, cultural, political, or
  moral imperatives.

ideals
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Social Reform

• Instruction serves and ideological purpose.
• Teachers can
• Use belief logics as the basis of belief
  revision
• Focus on a few critical issues and show how
  they relate
• Make learners conceptions explicit to them
• Present learners with new ways of seeing

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Nurturing Perspective

• Instruction focuses on the learners
  self-concept and self-efficacy.
• The goal is to help people become more confident
  and self-sufficient.

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Nurturing

• The aim of teaching is to make student learning
  possible.
• Teachers can
• Present the learner with new ways of seeing
• Create situations where learners center
  attention on relevant aspects that will
  improve their overall understanding
• Negotiate topic goal
• Use formative evaluation frequently

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Perspectives and PracticeHow did your Inventory
turn out?
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Technology and Teaching
As new online courseware such as WebCT,
BlackBoard and Desire2Learn, among others, are
introduced across our campuses, it is important
to consider how the various tool features within
these systems can be used to support teaching and
learning (e.g., discussion boards, chat rooms,
electronic groups). But first we should tie
them into our teaching preferences...lets begin
with technology implications, followed by tools
and cognitive issues...
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Implications for Technology Use
Learner-Focused Education, Andragogy
Malcolm Knowles (1973)
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Implications for Technology Use
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About Computer Tools...
(Hannafin, Land, Oliver, 1999)
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About Computer Tools...
(Hannafin, Land, Oliver, 1999)
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Teaching Strategies Cognitive Level...
Pregent (1994) McKeachie (1978)
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Teaching Perspectives...
Take a minute and brainstorm what technology
tools you think would fit each of the 5 Pratt
categories why? Well share in a moment!
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Teaching Perspectives

• Transmission - pdf files, e-journals, help files,
  online sources, tutorials, websites, video clips,
  screen captures, listserv, e-books, golden lips
  syndrome(?), powerpoint, word docs, static text
  on webpages, 1way audio/video broadcast, content
  module in WebCT, application sharing, video
  streaming, flash
• Apprenticeship - e-data collection, blogging,
  simulations, email/telephone, spreadsheets,
  presentation software, demonstration videos
  guided practice/inquiry (lab), flash animation,
  listserv, 2way audio/video conferencing, chat,
  course mgt system (Blackboard, WebCT), case
  studies, quiz, white boards, application sharing
• Developmental - online discussions, online chat,
  peer review, collaborative learning, whiteboards,
  email, online role-playing, webquests, concept
  mapping, interactive websites, tutorial,
  listserv, e-data collection, polling, application
  sharing, synch software

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Teaching Perspectives

• Nurturing - learning journals, collaborative
  learning, student presentations, video editing,
  tutorials, email, communication tools (synch and
  asynch), listservs, learning enviornment/online
  community, feedback, chat
• Social Reform - e-discussions, create web pages,
  email experts, media literacy, case studies, web
  quests, communications/presentation tools, blogs,
  current issues online, online role playing, mind
  maps
• Items brainstormed by participants in the
  MADLaT session in May 04

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Contact Information...
Diane P. Janes Assistant Professor Centre for
Distributed Learning (CDL) Extension Division,
University of Saskatchewan Room 413, Williams
Building 221 Cumberland Ave. N. Saskatoon SK S7N
1M3 Canada Email Diane.Janes_at_usask.ca Website
http//www.extension.usask.ca Voice
306-966-1746 Fax [phone] http//www.teachin
gperspectives.com/