Abdominal Cavity II

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Abdominal Cavity II
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Spleen

• a. hilum
• b. diaphragmatic surface upper, posterior
• c. visceral surface gastric, renal, colic
  faces

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Stomach

• a. lesser curvature - upper, right, inside border
• b. greater curvature - left, inferior, outer
  border
• c. regions
• cardia ( cardiac notch, angel by esophagus and
  stomach, close to the heart)
• fundus - upward curving
• body ( angular notch - marks border with
  pylorus)
• pylorus - antrum, then canal, then sphincter
  orifice
• rugae - folds in mucous membrane

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Small intestine

• Duodenum 1st segment (25 cm long)
• is partially retroperitoneal
• regions - superior - begins at pylorus
  descending horizontal ascending - supplied by
  superior, inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

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Small intestine

• Jejunum second segment - with ileum, supplied by
  superior mesenteric artery
• begins at duodenojejunal flexure
• attaches to diaphragm by suspensory muscle of
  duodenum
• border with ileum is gradual, arbitrary, jejunum
  proximal 40
• thicker walls
• larger, more dense plicae circularis (circular
  mucosal folds)

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Small intestine

• Ileum Third segment of small intestine - with
  jejunum, fills umbilical pubic region
• ileum distal 60 of continuous section from
  jejunum to colon
• thinner walls few plicae circularis
• ileocecal valve, orifice - between ileum cecum

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Large intestine

• Cecum First , blind segment, attached to post
  wall by mesocecum- vermiform appendix - process
  extending from cecum attached by mesoappendix

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Large intestine

• Ascending colon Right side, inguinal lateral
  regions
• Transverse colon starts at right colic (hepatic)
  flexure, ends at left colic /splenic flexure
• right end has no mesentery, comes in contact with
  right kidney part of duodenum
• Descending colon Left lateral to inguinal
  region, retroperitoneal
• Sigmoid colon Left inguinal, curves, enters
  lower pelvis supported by sigmoid mesocolon

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Large intestine

• taeniae coli - 3 longitudinal muscle bands
  (instead of continuous layer as in small
  intestine)
• haustra - out pouching sections of colon between
  teniae coli
• epiploic appendages - colons visceral peritoneum
  forms little pockets that hold fat

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Pancreas

• just superior to transverse mesocolon, enclosed
  within C - curve of duodenum
• elongated head tucked into curvature of
  duodenum then neck, body, tail extend left to
  spleen - anterior surface faces posterior
  surface of stomach
• main pancreatic duct - receives smaller side
  ducts - grayish white, close to post surface
• joins common bile duct to enter duodenum
• accessory pancreatic duct - smaller, runs more
  vertically in head of pancreas and open into
  duodenal
• hepatopancreatic ampulla, sphincter - dilated
  area as common bile duct pancreatic duct enter
  duodenal
• supplied by pancreatic branches of the splenic
  artery

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Kidneys

• Kidneys - retroperitoneal
• Left kidney contacts pancreas, spleen, post
  stomach
• Right kidney contacts descending duodenum,
  liver, (directly) the hepatic flexure
• hilum - entry / exit area for ureter, renal blood
  lymphatic vessels
• cortex - outer rim
• medulla renal pyramids (many nephrons)
  separated by columns, narrow to papillae
• renal pelvis - fills renal sinus (cavity)
• formed by several major calyces
• smaller branches minor calyces - each collects
  from a single papillae

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Suprarenal glands

• also retroperitoneal
• Left suprarenal contacts diaphragm post
  surface of stomach (behind peritoneum)
• Right suprarenal contacts diaphragm, liver
  inferior vana cava - each has cortex, medulla