Introducing Alcohol

1
Introducing Alcohol
2
In chemistry, any member of a group of organic
chemical compounds characterized by the presence
of one or more aliphatic OH (hydroxyl) groups in
the molecule, and which form esters with acids.
The main uses of alcohols are as solvents for
gums, resins, lacquers, and varnishes in the
making of dyes for essential oils in perfumery
and for medical substances in pharmacy. The
alcohol produced naturally in the fermentation
process and consumed as part of alcoholic
beverages is called ethanol. When consumed the
effects of alcohol include poisoning at high
concentrations, and changes in the functioning of
human nerve cells.
write their formulae and draw structures
general formula Cn H2n1 OH
propanol
methanol
pentanol
ethanol
hexanol
butanol
3
(No Transcript)
4
(No Transcript)
5
highlighted items increase by CH2
6
Discuss Any obvious trends in this data?
7
(No Transcript)
8
primary alcohol
secondary alcohol
9
(No Transcript)
10
Alcohols may be liquids or solids, according to
the size and complexity of the molecule. A
monohydric alcohol contains only one hydroxyl
group in each molecule. The five simplest
alcohols form a series in which the number of
carbon and hydrogen atoms in the molecule
increases progressively, each one having an extra
CH2 (methylene) group methanol or wood spirit
(methyl alcohol, CH3OH) ethanol (ethyl alcohol,
C2H5OH) propanol (propyl alcohol, C3H7OH)
butanol (butyl alcohol, C4H9OH) and pentanol
(amyl alcohol, C5H11OH). The lower alcohols are
liquids that mix with water the higher alcohols,
such as pentanol, are oily liquids immiscible
with water and the highest are waxy solids for
example, hexadecanol (cetyl alcohol, C16H33OH)
and melissyl alcohol (C30H61OH), which occur in
sperm-whale oil and beeswax, respectively.
Alcohols containing the CH2OH group are primary
those containing CHOH are secondary while those
containing COH are tertiary.
Checked correct, Mr G
11
Functional group isomerism
2-butanol
1-butanol
12
Functional group isomerism
2-pentanol
3-pentanol
13
(No Transcript)
14
alcohol burning
15
combustion of alcohol
C4H9OH
CH3OH
O2
CO2
H2O
C2H5OH
C3H7OH
16
combustion of alcohol
C4H9OH
CH3OH
O2
CO2
H2O
C2H5OH
C3H7OH
17
sodium alcohol
C4H9OH
Na
CH3OH
H2
ONa
C2H5OH
C3H7OH
18
sodium alcohol
C4H9OH
Na
CH3OH
H2
ONa
C2H5OH
C3H7OH
19
acid alcohol
CH3COOH
C4H9OH
HCOOH
CH3OH
CH3COOC2H5
C2H5OH
H2O
C3H7OH
20
The mechanism for the formation of ethyl
ethanoate A reminder of the facts Ethanoic acid
reacts with ethanol in the presence of
concentrated sulphuric acid as a catalyst to
produce the ester, ethyl ethanoate. The reaction
is slow and reversible. To reduce the chances of
the reverse reaction happening, the ester is
distilled off as soon as it is formed.
21
Notice, the acid OH group marked in green ends up
as the free water molecule
DO NOT LEARN THIS...TOO COMPLEX
But its interesting! YES?