Glacial Erosion

1
Glacial Erosion Deposition

• Geog 2106 Geomorphology
• Department of Geography Geology
• Nipissing University

2
Review

• Geomorphic Equilibrium
• Process-Form Relationship
• Slopes

3
Glaciers Introduction

• Defn
• A moving body of ice formed through compaction
  and recrystallisation of snow on land.
• b) Importance
• i) Geomorphic System
• (e.g. erosion and deposition)
• ii) Hydrological System
• (e.g. lags and stores)

4
Glaciers Introduction

• b) Importance
• iii) Climatic System
• (e.g. albedo)
• iv) Biologic System

5
Glacial Ice

• Formation
• i) Metamorphism

6
Glacial Ice

• Formation
• ii) Rate of Metamorphism
• b) Mass Balance
• i) Accumulation
• ii) Ablation

7
Glacial Ice

• b) Mass Balance
• iii) Zones
• (see fig. 6.1)

8
Glacial Ice

• c) Types
• (e.g. ice sheet, ice cap, ice field, valley,
  cirque, and hanging see table 6.1)
• d) Classifications
• i) Morphological
• ii) Dynamic
• iii) Thermal

9
Glacial Movement

• Type of Movement
• i) Creep
• (see fig. 6.2)

10
Glacial Movement

• Type of Movement
• ii) Slip/Fracture Planes (see plate 6.4)

11
Glacial Movement

• Type of Movement
• iii) Sliding
• (see fig. 6.3)

12
Glacial Movement

• Type of Movement
• iv) Surging

13
Glacial Movement

• b) Zones of Flow
• (i.e. Compressive Extending Flow see fig
  6.4)

14
Glacial Movement

• c) Spatial Temporal Variations
• (e.g. daily seasonal)

15
Glacial Features

• Stratification
• Ogives
• Crevasses
• (see fig. 6.5)

16
Glacial Features

• Drainage
• i) Supraglacial
• ii) Englacial
• iii) Subglacial
• (e.g. jökulhlaups)

17

• Erosional Features Landforms

• a) Minor Features
• (e.g. polish, striation, chattermarks
• see plate 7.4)

18

• Erosional Features Landforms

• b) Cirques, Arêtes, Horns
• (see fig 7.9)

19

• Erosional Features Landforms

• c) Glacial Troughs
• (see fig 7.12 plate 7.13 7.14)

20
Depositional Features Landforms

a) Tills (see plate 6.6)
21
Depositional Features Landforms

• Non-stratified Tills
• i) Lodgement Tills
• ii) Melt-out Tills
• (see plate 6.7)

22
Depositional Features Landforms

c) Stratified Tills (e.g. outwash till see
plate 7.11)
23

• Depositional Features Landforms

• d) Moraines(e.g. ground, lateral, medial,
  recessional, terminal see plate 7.1)

24

• Depositional Features Landforms

• e) Kame Kettle
• (see fig 7.8 plate 7.9)

25

• Depositional Features Landforms

• f) Esker
• (see fig. 7.8)

26

• Depositional Features Landforms

• g) Drumlins
• (see plate 7.6)