Systematics of Calappidae (Decapoda, Brachyura)

1
Systematics of Calappidae (Decapoda, Brachyura)

• S. L. Boyce, T. Spears, L. G. Abele
• Florida State University
• Tallahassee, FL U.S.A.

2
Outline

• The family Calappidae
• Molecular phylogenetic study
• Morphological phylogenetic study based on larval
  characters
• Tests of alternative hypotheses

3
Box or Shame-Faced Crabs
4
Water Spout
5
Claw
6
(No Transcript)
7
The Calappidae (sensu lato)
Calappinae (9 genera) Hepatinae (3 genera)
Matutinae (4 genera) Orithyiinae (1 genus)
8
Calappid Monophyly?

• Guinot (1979) morphological characters
• Rice (1980) larval evidence
• Stevcic (1983) physiological evidence
• Bellwood (1996) morphological cladistic analysis

9
Morphological Hypothesis(Bellwood, 1996)

• Based on 78 adult characters

10
To further investigate calappid systematics

• Molecular phylogenetic study using mt16S rDNA
  sequence data
• Morphological phylogenetic study using larval
  characters
• Tests of alternative hypotheses using adult
  morphology, larval morphology, and molecular data
  sets

11
Molecular Methods

• Extract genomic DNA
• Amplify, purify, and sequence a 550 bp region of
  the mt16S rRNA gene
• Align sequences, adjust by secondary structure,
  and remove ambiguous regions
• Perform maximum-parsimony (MP) and
  maximum-likelihood (ML) analyses with PAUP

12
Maximum-Parsimony Tree
Calappa hepatica
98
169 p. i. characters TL 670 steps CI 0.503
Calappa flammea
100
58
Calappa sulcata
Cryptosoma baguerri
100
52
Cryptosoma cristata
Calappids
Acanthocarpus alexandri
84
Mursia armata
100
Mursia cristiata
100
Platymera guadachardii
Callinectes sapidus
80
Portunids
Charybdis helleri
99
Portunus spinicarpus
Hepatus epheliticus
100
Hepatids
Hepatus pudibundus
100
Osachila kaiserae
52
Ashtoret lunaris
Matutids
100
Ashtoret planipes
Leucosia ocellata
Leucosiids
93
Persephona mediterranea
Eurytium limosum
67
Xanthids
Neopanope sp.
100
Panopeus sp.
Dorippid
Ethusina sp.
Orithyia
Orityia sinica
Lyreidus bairdii
Raninids
89
Ranilia muricata
10 changes
Bootstrap values based on 1000 reps
13
Maximum-Likelihood Tree
Calappa hepatica
TVM I ? ? 0.69942 I 0.3302 -ln L
3669.29119
100
Calappa flammea
99
Calappa sulcata
Cryptosoma baguerri
Calappids
100
Cryptosoma cristata
Bootstrap values based on 100 reps
81
Acanthocarpus alexandri
Mursia armata
100
Mursia cristiata
98
Platymera guadachardii
Callinectes sapidus
75
Charybdis helleri
99
Portunids/Dorippid
Portunus spinicarpus
Ethusina sp.
Hepatus epheliticus
Hepatids
100
Hepatus pudibundus
99
Osachila kaiserae
54
Ashtoret lunaris
Matutids
100
Ashtoret planipes
55
Eurytium limosum
65
Xanthids
Neopanope sp.
100
97
Panopeus sp.
Leucosia ocellata
Leucosiids
97
Persephona mediterranea
Orithyia
Orithyia sinica
Lyreidus bairdii
Raninids
Ranilia muricata
0.05 substitutions/site
14
Larval Characters
antennule
maxilliped 1 2
Calappa japonica (Taishaku and Konishi, 1995)
antenna
maxillule
maxilla
abdomen telson
Appendages from Portunus pelagicus (Shinkarenko,
1979)
15
Maximum-Parsimony Tree
47 p. i. characters TL 155 steps CI 0.574
Raninid
Raninoides benedicti
Calappa japonica
Calappids
Calappa gallus
Bootstrap based on 1000 reps
Charybdis bimaculata
Callinectes similis
Portunids
Portunus rubromarginatus
Portunus pelagicus
Hepatus epheliticus
Hepatids
Hepatus pudibundus
Eurytium limosum
Xanthids
Panopeus herbstii
Matutids
Ashtoret lunaris
Ashtoret planipes
Persephona mediterranea
Leucosiids
Philya globosa
Leucosia pubescens
Dorippids
Meodorippe lanata
Ethusa microphthalma
Orithyia
Orithyia sinica
5 changes
16
Calappidae Monophyly
Calappidae
MP or ML Tree
vs
All Other Crabs
Parsimony
Likelihood
Data set
KH
KH
SH
Templeton
Adult Morphology
0.0001
0.0003
N/A
N/A
Larval Morphology
N/A
N/A
0.009-0.001
0.01-0.02
mt16S rDNA
0.06-0.08
0.06-0.08
0.05
0.049
KH Kishino-Hasegawa Test SH
Shimodaira-Hasegawa Test P lt 0.05
17
Calappid Sister Relationships
18
Calappid Sister Relationships
Larval Morphology
mt16S rDNA
Adult Morphology
Hypothesis
KH Test
KH Test
SH Test
0.16-0.29
0.07
Calappinae-Hepatinae
- -
Matutinae-Leucosiid
0.17
- -
- -
0.18
Orithyia-Dorippid
- -
- -
Calappinae-Portunid
0.003
- -
- -
Matutinae-Hepatinae
0.06
0.29-0.30
- -
KH Kishino-Hasegawa Test SH
Shimodaira-Hasegawa Test P lt 0.05
19
Maximum-Likelihood Tree
Short basal branches
In an attempt to resolve this problem Ive
sequenced 2 regions of the nuclear 28S rRNA gene
40 p.i. chars out of 1300 bp
20
Conclusions

• The subfamilies Calappinae, Hepatinae, and
  Matutinae are monophyletic
• The family Calappidae is not monophyletic
• Relationships among the subfamilies and potential
  eubrachyuran sister taxa need further
  investigation
• New nuclear markers are needed

21
Acknowledgements
For providing specimens
For providing support

• Kasia Chodyla
• Congress of Graduate Students, FSU
• Department of Biological Sciences, FSU
• FSU Sequencing Facility
• NSF

• Orpha Bellwood
• Savel Daniels
• Won Kim
• Timothy Stebbins
• Regina Wetzer
• Peter Wirtz
• Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County
• National Museum of Natural History