COLD WAR

1
COLD WAR

• 1945 delegates from 45 countries met form the
  United Nations
• The five great powers United States, Soviet
  Union, Great Britain, France, and China were
  permanent members of the Security Council with
  the right to veto
• The UN was intended to promote international
  cooperation
• In 1945 Russia controlled much of Eastern Europe
• Stalins aim was to protect Russias western
  border with communist allies Poland, Hungary,
  Rumania, Bulgaria

2

• 1946 at Fulton Missouri, Winston Churchill made
  his iron curtain speech
• The British, Americans, French and Soviets each
  controlled a part of Berlin
• Berlin was an area controlled by the Soviet
  Union, but roads and railroads were allowed to
  link to the western sectors
• In 1947 the western sectors all merged for
  economic reasons

3

• 1947 Truman gets 400m to aid Turkey and Greece
  to support free people
• 1947 George Marshall proposed an economic packet
  to help war-torn Europe
• The soviets refused to participate
• 1948 a communist-backed coup in Czechoslovakia
  persuaded the Americans that they had to stop the
  spread of communism
• The European Recovery Program (Marshall Plan)
  provided 13b in aid

4

• 1948 The soviets cut off access to Berlin. The
  Allies organized the Berlin Airlift
• 1948 Britain, France and the Benelux countries
  signed the Brussels Pact
• 1948 America establishes a peace time draft
• May 1949 the soviets lifted the blockade
• The western powers created West Germany the
  soviets created East Germany
• 1949 twelve countries (Brussels Pact 5) signed
  the North Atlantic Pact gradually other
  countries were added this became NATO

5

• Eisenhower continued the Truman Doctrine
• 1953 Stalin died
• Khrushchev became the leader and promised
  peaceful coexistence
• West Germany became part of NATO in 1955
• 1955 the soviets established the Warsaw Pact
• 1958 Khrushchev demanded that the west accept the
  neutralization of West Berlin or they would sign
  their rights to East Berlin to East Germany
• The western powers did nothing and the deadline
  passed

6

• August 1961 Khrushchev closed the east/west
  Berlin border
• Began construction of the Berlin Wall
• 1961 Bay of Pigs fiasco Castro moves closer to
  Moscow

7

• 1963 American-Soviet Nuclear Test ban
• 1967 The Outer Space Treaty
• 1971 SALT I froze the number of ICBMs
• 1979 SALT II limits on long range missiles,
  bombers, nuclear warheads

8

• 1979 Russia invades Afghanistan new cold war
• 1989 the fall of the Berlin Wall