The Dutch Republic

1
The Dutch Republic

• Political
• Aristocratic merchant republic States General
  Holland Dominates
• Stadtholder hereditary executive
• Allied with England
• House of Orange
• Eventually accept English Throne William and
  Mary

• Economic
• Carrying trade
• Dutch spices
• Diamonds
• East India Company
• Flyboats
• tulipmania
• Excellent farming
• Bank of Amsterdam

2
Cultural/Intellectual

• Nationalism newly recognized
• Religious toleration
• Publishing was large in Holland

3
What happened?

• Their trade empire began to fall after Willliam
  died
• Lost fishing trade
• Carrying empire declined as other countries
  developed their navies
• England began to dominate the seas
• Bank of Amsterdam kept them afloat

4
James I (1603-1625)

• Had been King Scotland since 1567
• Succeeded Queen Elizabeth 1
• Opposed to radicals Puritans, Separatists
• No Bishop No King!
• Gun Powder Plot of 1605 Guy Fawkes
• Foreign policy Pro Spain, 30 years war,
  Charles married daughter of Henry IV of France
• Court was scandalous Duke of Buckingham

5
Charles I (1625-1649)

• Raised tariffs, duties, quartered troops
  challenged by Parliament
• In 1626 Parliament tried to impeach him
• Ruled without Parliament between 1626 -28
• 1628-29 The Third Parliament - Petition of
  Right,
• Why did Charles sign this?
• 1629- 1640 once again no parliament
• Forced Charles to find revenue forced
  knighthood, monopolies, poundage/tonnage
• Policies hit what class the hardest
• Religious conformity under William Laud
• Tried to interfere with Scotlands Kirk
• 1637 riot, 1638 Solemn League and Covenant
• 1640 forced to raise an army- needs to go to
  Parliament
• 1640-1653 The Long Parliament Parliament

6
The English Civil War

• Landowners, merchants did not like kings
  financial rules
• No more than three years should pass between
  meeting, king could not dissolve without their
  consent
• Divided over religion
• Charles I raided Parliament
• Left London and raised an army
• Militia Ordinance
• Cavaliers vs. Roundheads

7
Oliver Cromwell

• Parliament allied with Scotland
• Presbyterian system of Church Govt.
• Army under Oliver Cromwell
• Charles was executed on January 30th,1649
• Parliament abolished the monarchy, House of
  Lords, Anglican Church, Rump Parliament
• Army conquered Ireland, and Scotland Irish
  Catholics slaughtered
• 1653 Parliament tried to regain control
  Oliver Cromwell abolished the Parliament Title
  Lord Protector
• Refused to be crowned
• Died in 1658 replaced by son who only held the
  crown one year

8
Charles II Return of the Monarch

• Despot in Disguise?
• On verge of chaos Rump Parliament, Army Divided
• Gen.Monk came from Scotland to demand new free
  Parliament
• 1660 Convention Parliament govt ruled by
  King, Lords, Commons
• King Charles takes the throne

9
Restoration under Convention Parliament 1660

• Crown and church lands returned
• Army disbanded and paid
• King received an income
• No more feudal dues
• Govt. control over carrying trade
• Disbanded at end of 1660

10
James II

• Had the support of the Catholics
• Attacked the nobles, landowners and church
• James II had the support of the Tories not the
  Whigs
• Lost their support through his policies
• Bloody Reprisals
• Warming Pan Baby July 1688

11
The Cavalier Parliament 1661-1679

• Mostly Anglican
• Bishops back to power, 1662 Licensing Act
• Municipal Acts of 1661 banished dissenters
• Act of Uniformity 1662 Book of Common Prayer
• Quaker Act of 1662 5,000 Quakers Jailed
• Conventicle Act of 1664 cannot practice any
  other religion
• Not necessarily the views of Catholics

12
Rise of the Whigs

• Whigs opposition members of Parliament, tried
  to block James from succession led by
  anti-Catholic
• Popish Plot Titus Oates 1678
• Charles II converted to Catholicism on deathbed
  1685
• Passed throne to James II (r 1685-1688)