SubSaharan Africa The Republic of South Africa

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Sub-Saharan AfricaThe Republic of South Africa
General Information
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South Africa
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Facts

• Location
• Located at the southern tip of the
• continent of Africa
• Size
• It is slightly less than twice the size of
• Texas (1,219,912 sq km)
• Climate
• Mostly semiarid subtropical along
• east coast sunny days, cool nights, often
  experience prolonged drought
• Largest City
• Johannesburg, City of Gold

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Facts

• Population
• 42,768,678
• People living with HIV/AIDS
• approx. 5 million
• Life expectancy at birth
• male 46.57 years female 46.54 years
• Provinces
• nine
• Languages
• 11 official languages

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South Africa is often referred to as "a world
in one country", or The Rainbow Nation", due
to its cultural diversity.
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History

• Original habitants
• San people
• residents thousands of years before the Europeans
• 1652
• the first permanent European (Dutch) settlers
  arrived
• 1707
• 1,780 individuals of European descent and they
  owned about 1,100 slaves.
• 1814
• Britain took permanent possession
• 1833
• slavery was abolished, but the freed slaves
  remained oppressed and continued to be exploited
  by white landowners.

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History

• 1867
• discovery of diamonds and gold, spurred economic
  development and the number of whites rose
• 1910
• the Union of SA was established
• raciest legislation was passed that restricted
  black rights and laid the foundation for
  apartheid
• 1948-1994
• apartheid
• 1994 and 1995
• the last signs of apartheid were removed
• May 1996 new national constitution

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Environmental Issues

• -lack of important arterial rivers or lakes
  requires extensive water conservation and control
  measures
• -water usage is outpacing supply
• -pollution of rivers from agricultural runoff and
  urban discharge
• -air pollution resulting in acid rain
• -soil erosion

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Education

• grades
• 13 grade levels
• first year of education is called grade 0 or
  "reception year
• grade 10, 11 and grade 12 matric
• Apartheid
• 40 years of apartheid education
• money was pumped into white education at the
  expense of black schools
• 6-8 million adults are illiterate

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National Symbols

• National Anthem
• shortened, combined version of "Nkosi Sikelel
  iAfrika" and "The Call of South Africa"
• National Animal
• Springbuck/Springbok
• National Bird
• Blue Crane
• National Tree
• Real Yellowwood
• National Flower
• Giant or King Protea

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Animals

• Animals
• country for superlatives
• the biggest (African elephant)
• the smallest (pygmy shrew)
• the tallest (giraffe)
• the fastest (cheetah)
• home to the last substantial population of black
  and white rhinos
• crocodiles
• several bird species
• home to the ostrich
• flamingos

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Currency

• The unit of currency is the Rand (R)
• made up of 100 cents ()
• Notes come in R10, R20, R50, R100, and R200
• denominations are differentiated by colour. 
• Coins are minted in R5, R2, R1, 5O, 20, 10,
  5, 2 and 1 denominations.  
• US 1.00 ZAR 6.64 (March 8, 2004)

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Sub-Saharan AfricaThe Republic of South Africa
Economics
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South Africa - Economics

• Background
• Imports Exports
• Agriculture Products
• Race vs Money
• Investments
• Other
• Policy

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Background

• 1870- Economy was almost entirely agriculture
  based
• Late 1800s diamonds gold discovered
• 1950s manufacturing was leading GNP gross
  national product
• 1990s services was 60 of GNP, industry 35 and
  agriculture only 5

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Imports - Exports

• Imports
• Machinery
• Transport equipment
• Consumer goods
• Industrial raw goods
• Petroleum
• Foodstuff

• Exports
• Manufactured goods
• Precious metals
• Chemicals
• Arms
• Foodstuffs
• Diamonds

Trade Partners Germany, United State,
Great Britain, Japan
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Imports - Exports
South Africa Travel Guide. httpwww.southafri
ca-travel.net
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Agricultural Products

• Agriculture
• 3 of GDP in 2000
• (industry 31, services 66)
• 1 million people earn their living through
  agriculture
• Maize, Poultry, Meat, Dairy

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Taxation Rates- Currency

• Sub-Saharan Africa
• Difficult to raise tax revenue for public purpose
• Low per capita incomes
• Economic base of agriculture
• Poor structured tax system
• Weak tax/customs administration
• Currency rand
• Jan 2002 rand per US dollar was 11.58
• 2001 rand per US dollar was 8.6
• 1997- rand per US dollar was 4.6

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Race vs Money

• 1994 multi-party elections
• Countries first black president
• Nelson Mandela
• Butno change in power
• Whites make up only 13.6 of the population
• Control trade and commerce
• 75 of the workforce is nonwhites
• Continued discrimination against blacks

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Investments

• 1970/1980
• Many disapproved of apartheid policies
• Withdrawals of investments by international
  businesses
• Many nations imposed sanctions
• EU, Japan, US
• 1990s
• Political changes
• Trends reversed
• Increased international investments

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Other

• Inflation
• 5.8 of consumer products
• Labor Force (17 million)
• Agriculture 30
• Industry 25
• Services 45
• Unemployment Rate
• 37
• Population below poverty line
• 50
• Received 539 million in economic aid (1999)

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Policy

• USAID
• Trade for African Development and Enterprise
  Initiative (TRADE)
• Promote US-African business linkages
• Southern Africa Trade Hub
• US Dept of Ag Rep assist with ag export
  standards
• Build trade opportunities
• Facilitate customs Trade capabilities
• African Growth Opportunity Act (AGOA)
• May 2000
• Open economies and build free markets

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CLIMATE

• Fairly dry climate
• Similar to Idaho in summer
• Winters much warmer
• Some crops grown in winter months

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TOP TEN AG PRODUCTS

• Beef
• Mutton
• Wheat
• Pork
• Poultry

• Wool Cotton
• White Maize
• Oil Seed
• Yellow Maize
• Vegetables

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AGRICULTURE TRADE PARTNERS

• IMPORT
• U.S.
• U.K.
• Japan
• Imports
• Technology
• Seed
• Chemicals
• Equipment

• EXPORT
• U.K.
• Australia
• Exports
• Beef
• Wool
• Pork
• Sweet corn
• Fruits

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LARGE WHITE FARMS

• Produce most of the export commodities
• Produce most of the Ag. Related income and tax
  revenue
• Use very modern equipment and practices
• Most have their own irrigation systems

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GROWING MIDDLE CLASS

• Cooperative cropping projects
• Share equipment
• Share water
• Market together
• Small acre projects are successful
• Chickens
• Goats
• Vegetables
• Poor have more opportunities

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GROWING OPPORTUNITY

• Money for new projects
• Government sponsored loans
• Industry grants
• Must show competence
• Some new ideas that are working
• Aquaculture
• Crocodiles
• Alpacas

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SUBSISTENCE FARMING

• May have job in town
• Gardens
• Vegetables
• Corn
• Small stock
• Goats
• Dairy
• Meat
• Sheep
• Chickens

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GAME FARMS

• Sell animals to hunting preserves others like
  zoos
• Animals raised
• Antelope (several sp.)
• Lion
• Buffalo
• Rhino
• Zoo animals

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Sources

• http//www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/
  sf.html
• http//www.geocities.com/regentsafari/facts.html
• http//www.incentivetouring.com/english/index.htm?
  right20main/topbar_links/currency/currency_page.h
  tmrbottom
• http//www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0861191.html
• http//www.saembassy-jakarta.or.id/basicfacts.html
  people
• http//www.southafrica-travel.net/economy/e_rand.h
  tm
• http//www.sos-childrensvillages.org/cgi-bin/sos/j
  sp/wherewehelp.do?ciyct12173langennav2.3si
  teZZ
• http//www.google.com/search?qdefineAPARTHEID

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Sources

• South Africa Economy. http//www.infoplease.com
• South Africa Economy. http//www.southafrica-trave
  l.net/economy
• High Beam Research Economy-South Africa Whites
  Still Dominate the Economy. http//www.highbeam.co
  m
• USAID Africa Trade Initiative.
  http//www.usaid.gov.locations/sub-saharna_africa/
  initiatives/trade/html
• African Growth Opportunity Act.
  http//www.agoa.gov
• BUYUSA.gov. US Commercial Service South Africa.
  http//www.buyusa.gov
• Tax Efforts in Sub-Saharan Africa. Eldis.
  http//www/eldis.org/static

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South AfricaPolitics

• 1869 Diamonds
• British Fortune Hunters
• Anglo- Boer War
• 1902 British Victory
• 1910 Union of South Africa
• 1948 National Party

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South AfricaPolitics

• Governments policy of Apartheid
• 4 Homelands were created
• Transkei
• Bophuthatswana
• Venda
• Ciskei
• 13 of the land was Homelands

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South Africa Politics

• Homelands dependent on South Africa
• African National Congress
• Growing pressure from citizens to abolish
  apartheid
• February 1989 President PW Botha
• FW De Klerk- removed ANC Bans, S.A. Communist
  Party, and 30 other anti-apartheid groups

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South AfricaPolitics

• Apartheid- dismantled in 1989
• Racial inequality still a big issue
• February 1994- First Inclusive National Election
• President Mandela
• Priority- provide standards for housing,
  education, and health care

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South AfricaPolitics

• Bicameral Parliament
• Adopted May 6, 1996
• Implemented February 4, 1997
• National Assembly
• National Council of Provinces
• President elected by National Assembly

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South Africa Politics

• 1999- President Thabo Mbeki
• Issues
• Violent Crime
• HIV/ AIDS pandemic (over 10 of the adult
  population)

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Burying the Dead
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Sources

• http//magma.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0404/featu
  re3/index.html
• National Geographic April 2004
• http//www.wtonline.com/data/zaf/zaf500.asp
• http//www.interknowledge.com/south-africa