Higher Education Policy in the State Environment

1
Higher Education Policy in the State Environment
Robert T. Tad Perry September 28, 2006 University
of South Dakota
2
Context for Public Higher Education Policy

• An evolutionary partnership
• History and culture of local control and
  differentiation

3
Higher Education Policy in the State Environment

• Todays world
• Data about the state of higher education
• Measuring Up 2006
• Governor Rounds 2010 E
• The Interim Legislative Committee focus
• The Regents Opportunities Report
• Reauthorization of Higher Education Act 200?
• The Spellings Commission
• What is the direction of Higher Education Policy?
• South Dakota
• National

4
The Data Environment of public policy decision
making

• Educational Attainmentworld view

5
Global adults with postsecondary education--55-64
years
6
Global adults with postsecondary education--45-54
years
7
Global adults with postsecondary education--35-44
years
8
Global adults with postsecondary education--25-34
years
9
US adults with postsecondary educationglobal
competitiveness

• Age Rank
• 55-64 35 1
• 45-54 40 2
• 35-44 39 3
• 25-34 37 8

10
Graduation rates for college students OECD
countries
11
The Data Environment of public policy decision
making

• Educational Attainmentnational view

12
Differences in College Attainment (Associate and
Higher) Between Young and Older AdultsPercent of
Adults with College Degrees
Source U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Census
12
13
Percent of Population Age 25-64 with an Associate
Degree or Higher, 2000
Source U.S. Census 2000
14
Percent of Adults Age 25-64 with a Bachelors
Degree or Higher, 2000
Source U.S. Census Bureau, 2000
15
Percent of Adults Ages 25 to 64 With a Graduate
or Professional Degree, 2000
16
15.1
14.4
14.3
12.7
12.4
12.0
11.7
11.6
12
10.8
10.4
10.4
10.2
9.9
9.8
9.7
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.1
9.0
8.9
8.8
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.3
8.3
8.1
8.0
7.9
7.7
7.7
8
7.6
7.5
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.2
7.1
7.1
7.1
6.8
6.5
6.5
6.2
6.1
6.1
6.0
4
0
Utah
Ohio
Iowa
Maine
Idaho
Texas
Illinois
Nation
Hawaii
Alaska
Florida
Kansas
Oregon
Indiana
Virginia
Arizona
Nevada
Georgia
Vermont
Missouri
Montana
Alabama
Maryland
Colorado
Delaware
Michigan
New York
California
Nebraska
Kentucky
Wyoming
Louisiana
Arkansas
Oklahoma
Minnesota
Wisconsin
Tennessee
New Jersey
Mississippi
New Mexico
Washington
Connecticut
North Dakota
Rhode Island
Pennsylvania
South Dakota
West Virginia
North Carolina
Massachusetts
South Carolina
New Hampshire
Source U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Census
16
Student Pipeline, 2002
Of 100 9th Graders, How Many
New Jersey
North Dakota
North Dakota
Massachusetts
Pennsylvania
Source NCES Common Core Data, NCES IPEDS 2002
Residency and Migration Survey, ACT Institutional
Survey, NCES IPEDS Graduation Rate Survey
17
Educational Attainment and Rank Among
StatesSouth Dakota, 2000 (Percent)
78.2
90.1
8.6
24.5
6.5
Source U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Census
18
Number of Doctorates per 1,000 Workers-Science
and Engineering, 2002
Source Development Report Card for the States,
Corporation for Enterprise Development
19
The Data Environment of Public Policy Decision
Making

• Population Demographics

20
Projected Total Population Percent Change,
2000-25
21
Population Projections - Percent Change from 2000
to 2025
22
Projected Change in South DakotaAge and
Race/Ethnicity, 2000-20
Source U.S. Census Bureau
23
Population migration

• 60 nationally live in state of birth
• 68 of South Dakotans live in state of birth
• 25 of young adults change states in 5 year
  period
• SD is an out migration state of young adults

24
Net Migration by Degree Level and Age GroupSouth
Dakota
22- to 29-Year-Olds
30- to 64-Year-Olds
Less than High School High School Some
College Associate Bachelors Graduate/Professional
Total
Source U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Census 5
Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) Files
25
Employment Outlook 2002-2012Bachelor degrees
Source Bureau of Labor Statistics
26
The Data Environment of Public Policy Decision
Making

• Workforce Needs
• Health care fields
• Teachers- all levels
• Accountants
• Social services
• Business sales
• Computer, information systems and math sciences

27
The Data Environment of Public Policy Decision
Making

• Innovation

28
Overall State Scores on Measures of Innovation
Assets
Note Score is calculated as sum of rankings on
ten separate subindex scores. Source Development
Report Card for the States, Corporation for
Enterprise Development
29
Number of Patents Issued Per Million Population,
2003
Source Development Report Card for the States,
Corporation for Enterprise Development
30
Total RD Expenditures Per Capita, 2003
Source National Science Foundation U.S. Census
Bureau
31
The Data Environment of Public Policy Decision
Making

• Finances

32
Share of Institutional Funding for Higher
Education Provided Through State Appropriations
(Public Institutions), 2003-04
33
Total Educational Revenues (State and Local and
Tuition) Per FTE Student, 2003-04
34
State Higher Education Priority Higher
Education Appropriations as a Percent of Tax
Revenues, 2002-03
35
Higher Education Share of State Budget
36
The Fiscal Situation in the States

• All states face fiscal imbalances to maintain
  current service levels through 2013
• Other state services will increase demand for
  resourcesMedicaid and federal budget reductions
• SD will have a 7.0 deficit to sustain current
  service level in higher education

37
Data Messages

• US losing in world competitiveness
• SD losing in national growth
• SD needs more educational attainment
• SD needs more STEM related graduates
• SD focus on minority populations
• Grow innovation capacity
• Public finances will be stressed

38
The Report on Sub-national Policy

• National Center for Public Policy and Higher
  Education
• Measuring Up Reports
• 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006

39
Measuring Up 2006 National Picture
40
Measuring Up 2006 National Picture
41
Measuring Up 2006 National Picture
42
Measuring Up 2006 National Picture
43
Measuring Up 2006 National Picture
44
South Dakota Grades

• 2000 2002 2004 2006 since 92
• Preparation C C B B
• Participation C B- B A
• Competition B- B- B B
• Affordability D F F F -
• Benefits C- D C- C

45
Governor Rounds 2010 Education

• Goal 3 By 2010, the postsecondary education
  system will fully meet the needs of the state's
  changing economy and its citizens.

46
Governor Rounds 2010 Education

• Objective 3A Offer transferable general
  education courses from Board of Regents'
  institutions at all technical institute sites,
  and establish up to 250 program-specific
  transfers for technical institute graduates at
  regents' institutions.
• Approve institutional agreements with the
  technical institutes
• Increase the number of program-to-program
  articulation agreements from four to 250

47
Governor Rounds 2010 Education

• Objective 3B Expand the number of citizens with
  postsecondary education and training by 20
  percent.
• Increase the number of graduates from Board of
  Regents' associate degree programs by 10 percent
• Increase the number of graduates from bachelor
  degree programs by 20 percent
• Double the number of persons ages 25 and older
  engaged in postsecondary education
• Increase retention of students in public higher
  education by 8 percent

48
Governor Rounds 2010 Education

• Objective 3C Support postsecondary education
  programs designed to enhance the state's
  long-term economy.
• Double the number of Ph.D. programs
• Double the number of Ph.D. graduates
• Enhance Ph.D. program support infrastructure
• Achieve the national average of people with
  graduate degrees, moving from 6.5 to 9.4 percent

49
Governor Rounds 2010 Education

• Objective 3D Recruit and retain quality faculty
  and staff.
• Complete the Board of Regents' salary
  competitiveness program by reaching surrounding
  states' average salaries for faculty/staff at
  public universities

50
Governor Rounds 2010 Education

• Objective 3E Double the number of students
  receiving South Dakota Opportunity Scholarships.
• Implement rigorous high school graduation
  requirements
• Strengthen South Dakota CollegePrep program
• Develop approved high school course inventories

51
Legislative Committee Review

• Growth in Higher Education
• Admission Requirements and Preparation of Students

52
Policy Goals for the SD System of Public Higher
Education

• Access Every qualified South Dakotan shall have
  access to public postsecondary education.
• 1. Strengthen the connection of universities
• in the preparation for postsecondary
• education in the K-12 community.
• 2. Educate a greater proportion of high school
  graduates and the adult working
• population.
• 3. Increase retention and graduation rates.

53
Policy Goals for the SD System of Public Higher
Education

• Quality South Dakota public universities and
  special schools shall provide a quality
  educational
• 1. Hire and retain the best available talent pool
  in teaching, research and administration.
• 2. Adapt instruction to contemporary technology.
• 3. Increase rigor of student academic experiences.

54
Policy Goals for the SD System of Public Higher
Education

• State Wealth South Dakota public universities
  shall engage in activities designed to enhance
  the states long-term economy.
• 1. Enhance research and development productivity
  through grants and contracts.
• 2. Increase the universities role in stimulating
  economic activity in the state.
• 3.Teach more entrepreneurship to students and
  faculty.

55
Policy Goals for the SD System of Public Higher
Education

• Efficiencies South Dakota public universities
  and special schools shall continue to seek means
  for improving efficiency in the delivery of
  educational services.
• 1. Increase effective use of the state's limited
  resource base.

56
Context for Congressional Actions

• 1995 Reauthorization raised issues of
  accountability
• 1996 Congress commissioned a national Commission
  on the Cost of Higher Education
• 2005 National Commission on Accountability in
  Higher Education convened by SHEEO
• 2006 Secretary Spellings National Commission on
  the Future of Higher Education

57
Reauthorization of Higher Education Act-2007?

• Increase need based grants Pell
• Mandates on states and institutions for
  accountability
• New definition of institutionsenlarges pool of
  eligible institutions for federal dollars

58
Spellings Commission Report--Access

• Improve access by improving student preparation
• Expand early collegeAP
• Remove barriers to student mobility
• Provide better and more transparent information
  to parents and students

59
Spellings Commission Report--Affordability

• Need based aid
• New simpler aid application form
• Consolidate federal aid programs
• Develop institutional level cost control and
  productivity measures

60
Spellings Commission ReportAccountability

• Consumer friendly information database on higher
  educationcosts, price, admissions, completions
  rates and learning outcomes
• Student unit record information
• Measure student learning and make public
• Accreditation agencies reports should be open and
  transparent

61
Spellings Commission Report-Innovation

• Fund for Improvement of Postsecondary Education
  revitalized
• Information technology should be increased in
  delivery of programs
• Open-source and open-content

62
Spellings Commission ReportLife Long Learning

• National strategy for lifelong learning
• Expand institutional efforts to reach adult
  students
• Remove mobility barriers

63
Spellings Commission Reportglobal competitiveness

• STEM, teaching, health profession investments
• Research collaboration
• Foreign language development
• Expand diversity efforts
• Attract and retain worlds best and brightest

64
Higher Educations FutureSouth Dakota

• Increase the numbers of graduates in the states
  population
• Additional delivery means are used to increase
  access
• Quality of education documented through national
  measurement
• Incremental new investments in research related
  infrastructure
• Emphasis on STEM and health related fields
• Tighter organization of curriculum to reflect
  needs of student costs and limited state
  resources

65
Higher Educations Futurenationally

• A national definition of a college education may
  occurcurriculum alignment
• Public valued-added information of student
  learning experience will be required
• Affordability will be addressed through federal
  policy that leverages states and institutions
• A national policy to regain international
  prominence through the education of domestic
  populations