Overview Environmental Energy Technologies Division

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OverviewEnvironmental Energy Technologies
Division
Presentation for the China Building Materials
Academy Delegation Visit to Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory October 1, 2007 Berkeley
California Mark D. Levine Head, China Energy
Group Energy Analysis Department Environmental
Energy Technologies Division Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory
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Mission andVision

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Mission of EETD
Perform analysis, research, and development
leading to better energy technologies and
reduction of adverse energy-related environmental
impacts
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Vision

• Sustainable economic and environmental
  development is essential for a thriving and just
  world
• Major changes in energy systems are needed to
  achieve such a world
• All countries, industrialized and developing
• Of these changes, energy efficiency has a special
  role
• Countless energy efficiency opportunities are
  cost effective (i.e., pay for themselves)
• Net economic impacts are huge
• E.g., U.S. economy grew 35 between 1973 and
  1986, energy grew 0, and the annual saving is
  gt200B/yr
• Environmental benefits of energy efficiency are
  very large, considering that gt70 of pollutants
  are from energy production

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Vision

• We believe that our RD and analysis can
  contribute to increases in energy efficiency and
  associated improvements in the environment beyond
  our limited resources by

• Developing improved energy technologies
• Performing energy analyses that influence
  policies in industrialized and developing
  countries
• Developing innovative techniques to improve the
  environment (especially related to energy use)

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DivisionOrganization With illustrative
research results for those departments not being
reviewed
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Environmental Energy Technologies Division Chart
Environmental Energy Technologies M.D. Levine,
Division Director (former) Bill Fisk
(Acting) Deputy Vacant D. Lucas, Assistant
Director K.P. Williams, Senior Business
Manager H.A. Wheeler, Executive Assistant to the
Director
Program Development Office M.W. Beck,
Leader Communications Office A. Chen, Leader
Division Council Bill Fisk, Chair Space
and Environment, Health Safety D. Lucas, G.O.
Kelley Professional Staff Committee R. Cheng,
Chair Senior Advisors M.D. Levine D.F. Grether
Washington DC Projects Office J. Harris, Leader
Advanced Energy Technologies Department R.E.
Russo, Head
Energy Analysis Department J.E. McMahon, Head
Building Technologies Department S.E. Selkowitz,
Head
Indoor Environment Department W.J. Fisk,
Head T.E. McKone, Deputy
Atmospheric Sciences Department N.J. Brown,
Head R. J. Harley, Deputy
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Advanced Energy Technologies Department
R.E. Russo, Head

• Combustion
• Technologies Group
• Turbulence
• Emissions control
• Chemistry
• Performance prediction
• optimization
• R.K. Cheng, Leader
• N.J. Browna
• M.Y. Frenklach
• C. Koshland
• D. Littlejohn
• D. Lucas
• I.G. Shepherd

• Electrochemical
• Technologies Group
• Batteries fuel cells
• J.S. Newman, Leader
• N.P. Balsarab
• V. Battaglia
• E.J. Cairns
• G. Chen
• M. Doeffb
• T. Devine, J.W. Evans
• C. P. Grigoropoulos
• J.B. Kerr, R. Kostecki
• G. Liuc
• F.R. McLarnon
• J. Reimer
• T. Richardson

• Physical/Chemical
• Technologies Group
• Laser Material Interactions
• Sensors diagnostics
• Fossil fuel emissions
• Advanced materials
• R.E. Russo, Leader
• P.H. Berdahl
• S.G. Chang
• A.J. Hunt
• X. Mao
• S. Mao
• R.J. Mehlhorn
• A. Melis
• P.L. Ridgway

a matrixed from Atmospheric Sciences Dept. b
matrixed from Materials Sciences Division c
matrixed from Building Technologies Dept.
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Atmospheric Sciences Department

• N.J. Brown, Head
• R.A. Harley, Deputy
• Modeling atmospheric processes at different
  scales
• Atmospheric processes impacting global climate
• Aerosols exposure
• Emissions
• Exposure to air pollutants
• F. Asaro
• R.A. Cohen
• M.L. Fischer
• A. Goldstein
• T.W. Kirchstetter, M.M. Lunden
• S. Menon, T. Novakov
• B.C Singer, S. Tonse
• Matrixed Staff
• R. K. Chenga

a Advanced Energy Technologies Department b Indoor
Environment Department c Energy Analysis
Department
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Energy Analysis Department
J.E. McMahon, Head

• Energy Efficiency Standards Group
• Appliance, equipment,
• lighting standards
• J.E. McMahon, Leader
• G.J. Rosenquist, Assist.
• B.A. Atkinson
• P.J. Biermayer
• K. Coughlin
• L.L. Dale
• A.B. Lekov
• J.D. Lutz
• S.P. Meyers
• J.L. Stoops
• R.D. Van Buskirk
• C.D. Whitehead
• L.L. Van Wiea

• Government Industry Programs Group
• Public sector energy efficiency
• Industry partnerships
• J.P. Harris, Leader
• A.T. McKane, Deputy
• P.E. Coleman
• S. Kumar
• P.A. Mathew
• A. Radspieler

• End-Use Forecasting
• Market Assessment Group
• Energy forecasts
• Energy Star programs
• J.F. Busch, Leader
• R.E. Brown, Assistant
• W.H. Golove
• J.G. Koomey
• A.H. Sanstad
• T.P. Wenzel

• International Energy Studies Group
• Energy use
• Energy efficiency
• Climate change
• Industrial energy use
• Forestry carbon management
• J.A. Sathaye, Leader
• L.K. Price, Deputy
• M.F. Della Cava
• E. R. Masanet
• L.L. Van Wiea
• E.L. Vine
• E. Worrell (on leave)

• Electricity Markets Policy Group
• Restructuring retail markets
• Electricity reliability
• Renewable energy
• Demand response
• Distributed generation
• C.A. Goldman,
• Leader
• J.H. Eto, Deputy
• W.H. Golovea
• B.C. Lesieutre
• N. Lewis
• C. Marnay
• R.H. Wiser

• Heat Island Group
• Urban climate
• Smog modeling
• Reflective roofs
• H. Akbari, Leader
• P.H. Berdahlb
• R. Levinson
• M. Pomerantz

• China Energy Group
• Energy efficiency
• Institution building
• M.D. Levine, Leader
• D.G. Fridley, Deputy
• J. Lin
• J.E. Sinton (on leave)
• N. Zhou

Independent Research Projects A.K. Meier Field
energy use of equipment, consumer electronics,
standby power, motor vehicles E. Mills, Insurance
and Climate Change Home Energy Saver Web Audit
a multi-group role b matrixed from AETD
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• China Has Demonstrated that a Rapidly Developing
  Nation Can Decouple Energy and GDP Growth with
  Bold Policies Initiated in 1980

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Since 2001, Energy Use Has Grown Much Faster than
GDP, Reversing Patterns From 1980 to 2000
Source NBS, China Statistical Yearbook, various
years China Statistical Abstract 2005 growth
estimates extrapolated from mid-year production
data for 2005.
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China
Current project

• What caused the dramatic change in energy demand
  growth?
• What can be done about it?

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Building Technologies Department
S.E. Selkowitz, Head

• Windows Daylighting Group
• Advanced optical
• materials
• Fenestration
• performance
• Building applications
• tools
• S.E. Selkowitza,
• Leader
• D.K. Arasteh, Deputy
• A. Andersd
• E. S. Leea
• R. Mitchell
• T. J. Richardsone
• M.D. Rubin

• Simulation Research Group
• Advanced building simulation
• software EnergyPlus, VisualSPARK, GenOpt,
  DOE-2
• W.F. Buhl, Leader acting
• D. Curtil
• A.E. Erdem
• Y.J. Huang

• Lighting Systems
• Group
• Lamp technology
• Lighting impacts
• Building applications
• Fixtures controls
• F. Rubinstein, Leader (acting)
• R.D. Clear
• G. Liu
• D.S. Watsona

• Commercial Building Systems
• Group
• Life cycle tools
• Diagnostics commissioning
• Benchmarking performance metrics
• Integrated building systems
• Advanced controls
• P. Havesa, Leader
• M.A. Piettea, Deputy
• V. Bazjanac
• R.J. Hitchcock
• E.S. Leea
• P.A. Mathewf
• S.E. Selkowitza
• D.S. Watsona
• P. Xua

• Applications Teamb
• Advanced technology demonstration
• Design guidelines
• Measurement verification
• D.A. Sartor, Leader
• G.C. Bellc
• P. Colemanf
• S.E. Greenberg
• M.A. Holdac
• S. Kumarf
• P.A. Mathewf
• W.F. Tschudi
• C.H. Williams
• T. T. Xu

Demand Response Research Center Commercial,
Residential, Industrial, Policy M.A. Piettea,
Leader C. Goldmanf, P. Havesa D. Watsona, P. Xua
a multi-group role b matrixed across EETDc
matrixed from Facilities
d matrixed from AFRD e matrixed from AETD f
matrixed from EAD
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Fully Automated Demand Response DR Research
Center Project

• Establishes capabilities of current controls and
  communications with Energy Management Control
  Systems
• Demonstrates large sheds can take place without
  complaints
• Demonstrates range of strategies to produce sheds
  and capabilities needed
• First steps toward enabling policy and adoption
  of technology in code
• Commercial HVAC and dimmable ballast/lighting
  could be first target

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Automated DR Research Summary

• Cost to automate demand response in large
  facilities is minimal
• Significant short-term peak reductions
  demonstrated for several dozen sites (avg. 10)
• Minimal impact to occupants and tenants
• Persistent savings demonstrated over 4 summers of
  field tests
• Automation
• reduces labor costs for participation
• increases reliability to utilities and ISO
• standardizes response strategies
• CPUC asking Investor Owned Utilities to develop
  Auto-DR

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Indoor Environment Department
W.J. Fisk, Head T.E. McKone, Deputy

• Energy Performance
• of Buildings Group
• Residential ventilation
• infiltration
• Thermal distribution
• Energy usage
• M.H. Sherman, Leader
• R.C. Diamond, Deputy
• M.P. Modera
• I.S. Walker
• C. Wray

• Commercial Building
• Ventilation Indoor Environmental Quality Group
• Commercial ventilation
• IAQ control technologies
• Health and productivity
• W.J. Fisk, Leader
• M.G. Apte
• D. Faulkner
• M.J. Mendell
• D. Sullivan

• Environmental Chemistry, Exposure Risk Group
• Sources, transport, chemistry
• Exposure modeling
• measurement
• Integrated risk
• assessments
• Biological markers for cancer
• T.E. McKone, Leader
• A.T. Hodgson
• H. Destaillatas
• R. Goth-Goldstein
• L.A. Gundel
• R.L. Maddalena
• W.W. Nazaroff
• A.V. Nero
• B.C. Singera

• Airflow Pollutant Transport Group
• CFD multi-zone modeling
• Transport experiments
• Limiting exposures to toxic releases
• A.J. Gadgil, Leader
• M.D. Sohn, Deputy
• D.R. Black
• W.W. Delp
• J.C. Deputy
• E.U. Finlayson
• B. Jayaraman
• D.M. Lorenzetti
• P.N. Price
• R.G. Sextro

a matrixed from Atmospheric Sciences Department
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Optimal Sampler Networks for Detecting
Biological Attacks in Buildings

• Motivation
• Protecting building occupants from biological
  agent releases requires reliable detection.
• A robust sampler network must account for all
  possible modes of building operation, and all
  potential attack scenarios.

• Scientific Needs
• Indoor air flow and transport model for
  biological agents (especially for large public
  facilities)
• Aerosol field data to validate model.
• Metric to compare candidate sensor networks
• Optimization algorithm to find best network.
• Field data to verify optimal network selection.

• Optimization Approach
• Define metric to compare candidate networks
  Fraction of Area Infected (FAI). FAI is the
  fraction of occupants infected if an attack is
  undetected.
• Develop numerical method - MURnet - that
  minimizes FAI using a pool of simulation results
  from a Monte Carlo analysis.

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Comparison of Model Predictions and Tracer
Measurements

• Significant Results
• Field experiments in large high-profile transit
  building.
• First whole-building experiments of aerosol
  dispersion.
• Replicate experiments demonstrate significant
  day-to-day variability.
• Good agreement between model and data.
• Flow and transport model captures variability and
  uncertainty in exposure predictions.
• Designed and verified robust optimization
  algorithm.
• This methodology is being used in major transit
  facilities around the country
• An improved optimization algorithm is currently
  being developed to take into account
  sampling/detection performance (especially
  important for new, faster biodetectors on the
  horizon).

Authors M Sohn, W Delp, D Black, R Sextro
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Staffing and Financial Profile
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Staff Profile 2005
EETD Staff Profile 2007
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EETD Expenditures by SourceFY00 FY06
Est.
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Division Overview
Historical Work Technology Development and
Impacts
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Impacts of Energy Technology Development
NAS estimate of economic benefits of EE RD
assigns 23 of 30 billion in savings to two LBNL
- derived technologies (Table 3-4, page 64)
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Improved Energy Technologies Recent Achievements
1997 An energy- efficient and safe torchiére
lighting fixture
2000 Low energy fume hood
2003 Efficient low- emission burner for
heating and power
1998 Aerosol duct sealer for residential
buildings
2003 Aerosol duct sealer for commercial buildi
ngs
1999 UV Waterworks
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RD 100 Awards Last 5 Years

• 2001 Gas-Filled Panels in insulated
  packagingDariush Arasteh, EETD, and CargoTech,
  San Diego
• 2003 EnergyPlusFred Winkelmann, Fred Buhl, Ender
  Erdem, Joe Huang and Kathy Ellington
• 2004 Transition Metal Switchable MirrorsThomas
  Richardson and Jonathan Slack, EETD
• 2006 Laser Ultrasonic SensorPaul Ridgway and
  Richard Russo, EETD, and Emmanuel Lafond,
  Institute of Paper Science and Technology at
  Georgia Tech

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Energy Analysis Impacts
Benefits through 2025 from 1987-2001 Standards
for 9 Residential Products

• Primary energy savings
• 9 of 2025 residential energy use
• Cumulative net dollar savings
• 120 billion by 2025
• Carbon reductions
• 36 million metric tons C/year in 2025
• 9 of projected levels

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Division Overview
The Future Initiatives
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The Future Initiatives

• Maintain and strengthen major areas of expertise
• Energy efficiency in buildings
• Domestic and international energy analyses
• Indoor air quality
• Batteries for vehicles

Delete slide?

• Establish a significant presence in Atmospheric
  Sciences

• Achieve this through pursuit of strategic
  initiatives (in addition to standard practice of
  entrepreneurial principal investigators)

The initiatives, if successful, will maintain the
leadership of the Division in its areas of
research and enable us to work toward our vision,
as described earlier
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Major Divisional Initiatives within Our Five
Research Areas
5. Health Effects of Indoor Pollutants
1. Water-Energy Link and Water Use Efficiency
6. Helios
2. Solid State Lighting
3. Fuel Cells
7. Diagnostics and Controls for Commercial
Buildings
4. Atmospheric/ AQ Modeling
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Response to DOE Needs

• Relevance of EETD Research to the National Energy
  Policy

• Advanced Research on Energy Efficiency
• Buildings technologies, commercial buildings,
  modeling
• Transportation research batteries, fuel cells
• Industrial processes sensors controls,
  modeling
• Modernize the Energy Infrastructure
• Leadership of Consortium for Electricity
  Reliability Technology Solutions (CERTS)
• Electricity policy group plays important role for
  DOE
• Increase Energy Supplies
• Micro-grid concept for electricity system
  advanced combustion systems, biofuels
• Accelerate Protection and Improvement of the
  Environment
• Urban and regional air quality, indoor
  environment
• Low NOx combustion
• Energy efficiency
• Increase Energy Security
• Electricity reliability and micro-grid concepts
• Energy efficiency generally, and controls in
  commercial buildings
• Batteries for vehicles (electric, hybrid, and
  fuel cell vehicles)

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Response to New Opportunities 4th Charge to the
Review Committee
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Response to New Opportunities

• In previous years, major growth
• Buildings research (CEC/PIER)
• LBNL-led consortium on electricity reliability
  RD (DOE and CEC)
• Outdoor air quality (DOE)
• From FY04 through 06, major new efforts funded
  by CEC and Department of Homeland Security
• Demand Response Research Center, Mary Ann Piette
  8M over 3 years (CEC)
• High performance high tech buildings, Bill
  Tschudi3M over 2 years (CEC/PIER Industrial)
• Indoor chem-bio modeling and measurement
  projects, Rich Sextro, Ashok Gadgil,
  Mike Sohn gt2 million
  in each of 05 and 06 (DHS)

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Response to New Opportunities (cont.)

• CEC/PIER began sponsoring gas research in FY05
  EETD projects funded in FY06 total 3M
• Water heating RD, Jim Lutz
• Indoor/outdoor impacts of liquid natural gas
  variability, Brett Singer
• Natural gas atmospheric observations, Marc
  Fischer
• Long-term energy efficiency potential for CA
  buildings and industry, Lynn Price
• Examples of New Sponsors in FY05 and FY06
• Federal Aviation Administration (through UC
  Berkeley)
• Aircraft Cabin Environmental Quality
• California Department of Water Resources
• Water Heating
• CA Electric and Gas Utilities PGE, SDGE, SCE
• Technology demonstration projects
• Demand response summertime pilot programs
• Industrial/Corporate Funders UTC Fuel Cells,
  Plug Power, Target Stores

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Major Divisional Initiatives within Our Five
Research Areas
5. Health Effects of Indoor Pollutants
1. Water-Energy Link and Water Use Efficiency
6. Helios
2. Solid State Lighting
3. Fuel Cells
7. Diagnostics and Controls for Commercial
Buildings
4. Atmospheric/ AQ Modeling