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GEOPOT
GEOthermal POwer in Turkey (GEOPOT) Virginie
Harcouet, Christoph Clauser Applied Geophysics
and Geothermal Energy E.ON Energy Research
Center RWTH Aachen University
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Outline

• Motivation and vision
• Targets and synergy with running projects
• MeProRisk project at RWTH Aachen University
• Seismic risk assessment
• Socio-economic issues
• Final remarks

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Motivation and vision

• Turkey has a large unused potential for the
  production of geothermal power and heat
• RWTH Aachen University is running ambitious
  research projects to improve the exploration,
  development, and operation of geothermal fields
• ZORLU Energy expressed interest to be an
  industrial partner in a EU demonstration project
• In FP7 we are expecting a call concerning
• Increased electricity production from
  low/medium enthalpy geothermal sources

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Required expertise

• geology
• reflection seismics and earthquake seismology
• potential field and electromagnetic geophysics
• petrophysics and borehole geophysics
• geothermics
• computational engineering science
• drilling technology
• power conversion technology
• (smart) grid design
• economics
• operation and maintenance
• public outreach

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Institutions

• BRGM
• E.ON
• CAPD
• CNR-IGG
• Geophysica
• Marmara Research Centre
• RWTH-E.ON ERC
• RWTH-IFHT (Institute for High Voltage Technology)
• RWTH-IDG (Institute of Steam and Gas turbines)
• ZORLU
• Eventual additional institute GFZ Potsdam

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Turkeys geothermal potential

• Turkeys rich geothermal resources are used only
  to a small degree for the generation of the
  countrys electric energy needs.
• It is a promising country to develop, test, and
  apply new methodology for the exploration,
  development, and operation of geothermal
  low/medium-enthalpy reservoirs.
• ?However the conversion of geothermal energy into
  electric energy is associated with uncertainty
  and risk.

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Geology
Simav graben formed by NW-SE trending and
north-dipping faults the latest products of the
N-S extensional tectonics

• Turkey is located within the Alpine Himalayan
  orogenic belt
• Western Anatolia is a tectonically active region
  presence of large grabens

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Studied area Simav (Kütahya) Geothermal Field

• Simav Geothermal fluids are used for
• District heating capacity of 66 MWt
• The largest geothermal district heating system in
  Turkey
• Deep geothermal wells located 4 km North of Simav
  (720 m deep, 163 C and 70 l/s)
• Balneology
• greenhouses

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Geology Simav

• Basement Paleozoic Menderes Massif rocks
• Main rocks are overlain by Mesozoic Kirkbucak
  formation and Cenozoic Toklargozu and Eynal
  formations.
• Nasa basalts are the youngest volcanics in the
  region.

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Hydrogeology

• Reservoir rocks
• - Mesozoic Kirkbucak formation (especially
  marbles)? fractures and faults.
• - Nasa basalts ? fractures.
• Cap rock in the geothermal system Imperable
  Neogene rocks (such as claystone)

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Targets and synergy with running projects

• Our project (GEOPOT) will apply, in the region of
  Simav (Turkey), techniques developed in the
  parallel method-oriented MeProRisk project (RWTH,
  Aachen) in order to
• explore and develop a geothermal field in Turkey
• quantify data uncertainty and corresponding
  economic risk
• Quantify seismic risk due to the operation of a
  geothermal field
• Construct a demonstration size (5 MW 20 MW),
  modular geothermal power plant

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MeProRisk Description of the multi-stage strategy

• This project is based on (1) a novel multi-stage
  strategy for the exploration of geothermal
  reservoirs and (2) prognostic simulation tools
  with risk assessment capabilities for the
  development and operation of geothermal
  reservoirs.
• The strategy consists of a combination of surface
  and borehole geophysics, petrophysics, geology,
  and numerical simulation technology.
• Simulations are performed on a hierarchy of
  models for flow and transport which differ in
  complexity and data quality.

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MeProRisk project at RWTH Aachen University
Basic information Geology
Development Production
Exploration
a
Geophysics Surface borehole Lab
Model concept Numerical code
b
c
Exploration layout
Production -Monitoring -Flow tests
Inversion Model update calibration
h
f
d
Evaluation -Risk -Scenarios -Planning
Uncertainty Resolution Sensitivity
g
e
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MeProRisk project Exploration phase
a based on available a priori information.
Initial zero-generation model
Basic information Geology
a
Geophysics Surface borehole Lab
Model concept Numerical code
c/d Then a combination of forward and inverse
simulations is performed.
b
c
Exploration layout
? e/f Optimization of location, depth, and
number of exploration boreholes and quantify the
uncertainty of the models predictions.
Inversion Model update calibration
f
d
Uncertainty Resolution Sensitivity
Information from these boreholes is then used to
generate the first-generation model.
e
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MeProRisk project Exploration phase
Basic information Geology
First-generation model
a based on the information from boreholes.
a
Geophysics Surface borehole Lab
Model concept Numerical code
b
c/d Simulations based on this model are tested
against independent data from existing boreholes.
c
Exploration layout
Inversion Model update calibration
? e/f Calibrated version of the model is used
again to optimize location, depth, and number of
additional exploration boreholes.
f
d
Uncertainty Resolution Sensitivity
Information from these boreholes is then used to
generate the second-generation model.
e
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MeProRisk project Exploration phase
Basic information Geology
a
Geophysics Surface borehole Lab
This process is iterated until a model is
obtained with sufficiently high prognostic
probability to optimize location, depth, and
number of production and injection boreholes for
the reservoir to be developed.
Model concept Numerical code
b
c
Exploration layout
Inversion Model update calibration
f
d
Uncertainty Resolution Sensitivity
e
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Industry involvement

• Essential for this demonstration project!
• Commitments required for both
• direct financial contributions (for boreholes,
  and surface installations for energy conversion
  and transmission)
• provision of legal rights and claims for
  geothermal fields
• As project progresses from research and
  exploration towards the installation of a
  geothermal power plant, leadership will transfer
  from science to industry

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Seismic risk assessment

• Simavs geothermal reservoirs are located in a
  tectonically active area where seismicity is to
  be expected even without operation of a
  geothermal plant.
• In addition, reinjection may trigger seismicity.
• ? Quantification of the seismic risk which is
  inherent to the development and operation of the
  geothermal reservoir.
• ?Quantification of the level of ground tremors
  which would present a serious disturbance or
  threat to the local population and which has to
  be avoided.

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Seismic Risk

• Micro-seismicity network can be used near the
  geothermal area and new seismological stations
  can be established in the region

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Socio-economic issues and public acceptance

• The population of Simav already benefits from
  geothermal energy as the district heating system
  is the largest in Turkey, still it needs to be
  convinced of the benefit derived from a local
  production of electric energy.
• The 3D reservoir model simulations will be used
  to optimize and guarantee the simultaneous
  production of electric energy and heat for space
  heating.

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Public participation district heating

• Autofinance system 60 of the investment ?The
  citizens pay the geothermal heating cost two
  years in advance and receive free heat for three
  years.
• The remaining 40 of the system is supported by
  government .
• The project payback period is 6 years.

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Feasibility study

• Kose (2007) studied the potential and utilization
  of the existing geothermal energy resources in
  KutahyaSimav region.
• Study of electrical energy generation by a
  binary-cycle
• Potential of KutahyaSimav geothermal power
  plant 2.9 MWe energy (at least 17,020 MWh/yr
  electrical energy).
• Conclusion the feasibility study indicates that
  the project approach is applicable and
  economically feasible.

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Scientific benefits

• Development and verification of a unified
  exploration, production, and development
  technology with prognostic and risk assessment
  capability for geothermal steam reservoirs.
• Significant extension of current approaches will
  enable a much better and quantitative judgment of
  the scientific and technological uncertainties
  and financial and environmental risks involved.