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ILiving: An Open System Architecture for Assisted Living

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Department of Computer Science. University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign. Population Aging ... Gateway Router connects AP home WLAN to the Internet ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: ILiving: An Open System Architecture for Assisted Living


1
I-Living An Open System Architecture for
Assisted Living
  • Qixin Wang, Wook Shin, Xue Liu, Zheng Zeng, Cham
    Oh, Bedoor K. AlShebli, Marco Caccamo, Carl A.
    Gunter, Elsa Gunter, Jennifer Hou, Karrie
    Karahalios, and Lui Sha
  • Department of Computer Science
  • University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign

2
Population Aging
  • Aging of the baby boomer has become a social and
    economical issue.
  • In the United States alone, the number of people
    over age 65 is expected to hit 70 million by
    2030, almost doubling from 35 million in 2000.
  • Table compiled by the U.S. Administration on
    Aging based on data from the U.S. Census Bureau.

3
Percentage of People 65 and 85
  • People over age 65 are expected to constitute 20
    of the population in 2030.
  • Similar increases are expected worldwide.
  • ex.
  • Numbers of elderly people living alone in Korea
    has increased 100 in the last ten years
  • Table compiled by the U.S. Administration on
    Aging based on data from the U.S. Census Bureau.

4
Similar Expenses Worldwide
2002
SOURCE United Nations ? Population Aging ? 2002
5
2030
SOURCE United Nations ? Population Aging ? 2002
6
Consequences
  • Along with the increase of the 65 population,
    the expenditures of the United States for health
    care will project to rise to 15.9 of the GDP
    (2.6 trillion) by 2010.
  • -- Health care industry study, Digital
    Foresight
  • Many people will stay at home, rather than being
    consigned to expensive retirement homes.
  • Even today, only 10 of people of age 65-85 and
    25 of those of age gt 85 are institutionalized.
  • Privacy and dignity are major factors for this.

7
How Can Technology Help?
  • Time Driven Reminders of Daily Activities
  • Butler PC
  • Serves as the intelligence.
  • Sends reminder messages to wireless-enabled
    appliances.
  • Closes the loop with RFID or other localization
    techniques.
  • Takes action in the lack of response A reminder
    can go on 2 more times, until a designated helper
    is notified.

Jennifer, It is 1130am. Time to take your
Insulin injection before meal.
8
Example Scenarios
  • Activity Reminder
  • Vital Sign Measurement
  • Personal Belonging Localization
  • Emergency Detection

9
Technologies Needed
  • A secure Internet channel for sending/updating
    the prescription record (and/or other commands)
    to/at the home PC
  • Wireless-enabled electronic appliances and vital
    sign meters.
  • RFID/Ubisense (or other localization techniques)
    tags on clothes, eyeglasses, shoes, medical
    bottles, dinnerware, etc, and portable/fixed RFID
    readers in the environment.

10
Putting All the Pieces Together
Home Environment
Butler PC
Internet
IEEE 802.11 WLAN
Monitoring Service
A
.
L
.
Device
Clinicians
11
Design Goals
  • Dependability
  • Critical Services will be failure safe
  • High availability
  • Robustness
  • Low Cost and Flexibility
  • Open to low-cost third-party devices
  • Assumption, protocol, QoS guarantee discrepancies
    are to be discovered by machine checkable means
  • Security and Privacy
  • Different levels of info disclosure to different
    roles
  • Authentication, Encryption, and Anti-DOS
    (Denial-Of-Service)
  • QoS Provisioning
  • Timing, reliability, criticality guarantees
  • Over wireless and wireline

12
  • Wireless Interference Mitigation
  • Bluetooth v.s. IEEE 802.11b
  • IEEE 802.11a v.s. Microwave
  • QoS guarantee under wireless interference
  • Human Computer Interfaces
  • Lightweight
  • Easy-to-Use
  • Safe and Robust to user mistakes
  • Provide different control levels of info
    disclosure

13
  • Thorough Evaluation and User Group Studies
  • Evaluated in terms of
  • the extent to which the technology help elderly
    people with their independent living in the home
    or assisted living facilities
  • their attitudes toward deploying these
    technologies
  • Different hypothesis amenable to
    theoretically-grounded tests will be established
  • Detailed comprehensive evaluation carried out by
    professionals in real facilities (UIUC and WUSTL)

14
I-Living System Architecture Design (Gateway Mode)
  • Assisted Person (AP)s Home covered by Wireless
    LAN (WLAN)
  • Gateway Router connects AP home WLAN to the
    Internet
  • Assisted Living Hub (ALH) manages dumb devices
    through peripheral network (e.g. Bluetooth)

15
I-Living System Architecture Design (Cellphone
Mode)
  • In case of the Gateway Router failure, A
    Bluetooth Cellphone can dial up as a cellphone
    modem
  • ALH and Smart Device associate with the cellphone
    modem through bluetooth network

16
System Architecture Design of Assisted-Living-Hub
(ALH)
  • Device Monitoring Daemons Detecting the entry
    and leaving of various assisted living devices
    (e.g. Bluetooth oximeter, Bluetooth scale, ZigBee
    accelerometers etc.)
  • Device Registry Service Local database on what
    devices are available, and the proxy objects to
    access the corresponding devices.

17
Security Mechanisms
  • To protect information confidentiality (different
    visibility to different roles)
  • Partial Encryption
  • e.g. first encrypt the vital sign reading using
    the key between AP and clinician then encrypt
    the whole message (with administrative info)
    using the key known to AP, ALSP Server and the
    clinician. Therefore, although the message is
    stored in ALSP Server, but ALSP Server cannot
    read the vital sign.

18
  • To ensure data integrity in the home WLAN with
    link-level authentication and encryption
  • Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 Personal (WPA-PSK)
  • Propose using specialized USB memory stick to
    deliver encryption keys

19
Related Work
  • Center for Future Health (CFH), University of
    Rochester
  • Key component visual system for object
    recognition and tracking
  • Aware Home, Georgia Tech
  • Focuses on context awareness
  • Smart In-Home Monitoring System, University of
    Virginia

20
  • Age-in-Place Advanced Smart-Home System, Intel
  • Help elderly people with Alzheimers diseases

21
In Situ Pilot Study
22
User Interface for Clinicians
23
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24
User Interface for Residents
25
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26
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27
Photo Collage
28
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29
Interface for Family and Friends
30
Conclusion
  • Study showed people can and will use the I-Living
    system.
  • Openess and Flexibility is provided by deploying
    Device Registry Service, Proxy, Unified
    Application-Peripheral Communication APIs, XML
    and Java technology.
  • Availability is ensured by enabling system to
    operate both in the Gateway Mode and Cellphone
    Mode.
  • Security and Privacy are addressed partial
    encryption, WPA2-PSK

31
  • Thank You!
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