Comparative analysis: KyrgyzstanMalaysiaEstonia

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Comparative analysis Kyrgyzstan-Malaysia-Estonia

• Interns, SDPK, JK KR
• Mirgul Karimova
• Indira Torogeldieva
• Ibragim Merzakhmedov
• American University in Central Asia
• Bishkek 2008

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Content

• Kyrgyzstan, Malaysia, Estonia today
• Research spheres
• Youth-component of development
• Socio-economic development
• Budget management
• Final analysis and evaluation

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Kyrgyzstan

• Area 198.500 sq km (CIA)
• Population 5.356.869 (?IA World Factbook, 2008)
  
• Population growth rate 1.38 (CIA 2008)
• Ethnic groups Kyrgyz64.9, Uzbek13.8,
• Russian-12.5 (CIA,
  1999).
• Religion Muslim-75, Russian Orthodox-20,
• other-5 (1999 CIA)
• GDP 3.748 billion. (CIA 2007)
• GDP per capita 2.000 (CIA 2007)
• Urban population 36 (UN Data 2006)
• Unemployment 18 (?IA 2004)
• Life expectancy 69.12 ( 2008 CIA)

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Malaysia

• Area -329,750 sq km (CIA)
• Population 25,274,132 (???? 2008, CIA)
• Population growth rate - 1.742 (2008, CIA)
• Ethnic groups Malay - 50.4, Chinese - 23.7,
  Indigenous population - 11, Indian - 7.1, other
  - 7.8 (2004, CIA)
• Religion Muslim-60.4, Buddhist-19.2,
  Christian-9.1 Hindu-6.3, Confucianism, Taosism,
  other traditional Chinese religions-2.6, other
  or unknown-1.5, none-0.8(2000 Census)
• GDP- 361.2 billion (2007, CIA)
• GDP per capita - 14,500 (2007, CIA)
• Urban population 67.3 (UNDP, 2005)
• Unemployment 3.2 (CIA, 2007)
• Life expectancy 73.03 ???? (CIA 2007)

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Estonia

• Leading Baltic State (joined EU on May 1, 2004
  and NATO in 2004)
• Area - 45 227 sq km (CIA)
• Estonia is in EUR AB group (index is higher than
  EUR BC)
• Population - 1.3 million
• Ethnic group Estonians - 67, Russians - 30
• Religion Christians - 28, Non-believers - 34
  ( 2008, CIA)
• Urban population 69,4 (2005, WHO)
• Unemployment 12,6 (2005, ILO)
• Population growth rate 0,6 ( 2008, CIA)
• 90 of Estonians are healthy (2003, HALE)
• GDP per capita - 21 800 (est. 2007, CIA)
• GDP - 28,69 ????. (2007, CIA)
• Life expectancy - 73 ( 2008, CIA)

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Research spheres

• Youth in Kyrgyzstan, Malaysia, Estonia
• States socio-economic development of countries
• Budget review of each state

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Youth comparative analysis

• Education
• Literate
• Internet access
• Employment
• Level of capacity to work
• Migration rate
• Political activity
• Political involvement rate
• Spare time
• Spheres of interest
• Level of potential self-realization

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Youth in Kyrgyzstan

• Education
• Literacy 98.7 (CIA)
• Internet access 100/ 5.6 (UN Data 2006)
• Internet users 750.000 (2007)
• Number of students in universities 477 out of 10
  000 (NTS 2008, Nat. Stat. KG)
• Number of students in professional colleges 83
  (NTS 2008, Nat. Stat. KG)
• Number of high school graduates 71 out of
  1000(CIA)
• Employment
• Level of capacity to work 55.4 (CIA)
• Economic active population 42 (16 - 34) (CIA)
• Migration rate
• - Internal migration 61.6
• - External migration 38.4

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Youth in Kyrgyzstan

• Political activity
• Youth in Kyrgyzstan is in transition period and
  doesnt play a key role in political life of
  state. There is an estimation that youth in
  Kyrgyzstan is partly indifferent to political
  life.
• Spare time
• The vast majority of youth in Kyrgyzstan
  involved in sport and art.

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Youth in Malaysia

• Education
• Literacy - 88.7 (CIA, 2007)
• Internet access (15.868 million) 59 (CIA,
  2007)
• Employment
• Level of capacity to work 10.94 million
• Political activity
• Youth is active in all spheres of life, including
  politics (there is no age limitation to
  government positions)
• There are various youth organization, yet they
  have to be integrated
• Spare time
• youth organizations, sport
• 
  (UN Survey, 2002)

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Youth in Estonia

• 330 000 in the age 15-29 (WHO UN 2005)
• Education
• 84,7 study at the universities (2000, UNESCO)
• Literacy - 99,8 (2000, CIA)
• Access to Internet - 51,8 (780 000) (CIA World
  Factbook, 2007)
• Employment
• Migration 3,24 per 1000 citizen (est. 2008,
  CIA)
• Level of capacity to work 687 000 (est. 2007,
  CIA)
• Political Activity
• 11are involved in political life (Civic
  Education Study, Australian Council for Education
  Research, 2005)
• Spare Time
• 60 000 are involved in sport (FIFA World Club,
  2008)

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Socio-economic development

• Economy
• Industry
• Service
• Agriculture
• Social
• Vulnerable part of population
• Gender issue
• Access to essential resources
• Access to healthcare

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Economy in Kyrgyzstan

• Industry 18.9
• GDP growth rate 9,7 (2007)
• Labor force in industry - 12.5
• Labor force in agriculture 48.0
• Service 47.5
• Agriculture 33.6
• Export - 1.337 billion (2007)
• cotton, wool, meat, tobacco, gold, mercury,
  uranium, natural gas, hydropower, machinery,
  shoes.
• Partners Switzerland - 21.2, Kazakhstan
  20, Russia 18.2, Afghanistan 13.6, China
  8.5 (2007)
• Import - 2.636 billion (2007)
• oil and gas, machinery and equipment,
  chemicals and foodstuff
• Partners China - 64.4, Russia 15.5,
  Kazakhstan 4.5 (2007)

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Social Development in Kyrgyzstan

• Population below poverty 40 (2004, CIA)
• Gender development index (GDI) 99.4 (UNDP
  2005)
• The problem of womens representativeness in
  the branches of power was solved by the
  legislative action. Kyrgyzstan is 89th out of 93
  countries in gender problem facilitation (GEM
  2004)
• 77 of population has access to pure water (2004,
  HDI Rank)
• HIV/AIDS positive Male 297 Female 112
  (Healthcare expenditure 2.3, 2004)

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Economy in Malaysia

• Revenues 40.69 billion (CIA, 2008 est.)
• Expenditures 46.7 billion (CIA, 2008 est.)
• Agriculture 9.7
• Industry 44.6
• Service 45.7 (2008 est. CIA)
• Export
• Electronic equipment, petroleum and
  liquefied natural gas,wood and wood products,
  palm oil, rubber, textiles and chemicals (CIA)
• Partners
• USA - 15.6, Singapore - 14.6, Japan -
  9.1, China - 8.8, Thailand - 5, Hon Kong -
  4.6 (CIA, 2007)
• Import
• Electronics, machinery, petroleum
  products, plastics, vehicles, iron and steel
  products, chemicals (CIA)
• Partners
• Japan - 13, China - 12.9, Singapore -
  11.5, USA - 10.8, Taiwan - 5.7, Thailand -
  5.3, South Korea - 4.9, Germany -4.6,
  Indonesia - 4.2 (CIA, 2007)

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Social Development in Malaysia

• Human Development Index 63 place in the world
  (UNDP, 2007)
• Around 2000 annually die from HIV/AIDS (CIA,
  2003)
• Tuberculosis (100 000) 131 (CIA, 2005)
• Population without access to potable water - 1
  (WHO, 2004)
• Children without healthy weight (0-5 years old)
  11 (UNDP, 2004)
• Population below poverty 5.1 (UNDP, 2002)
• Gender development index (GDI) 57 (UNDP, 2005)
• Gender ratio 1.01male/female (CIA, 2008)
• Income female (PPP US) - 5,751 (UNDP, 2005)
• male (PPP US) - 15,861
  (UNDP, 2005)

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Economy in Estonia

• GDP growth rate 7.1 (CIA, 2007 est.)
• Industry 28.5
• Service 68.5
• Agriculture 3
• Export - 11.08 billion (CIA, 2007 est.)
• Machinery and equipment - 33
• Wood and paper - 15
• Textile - 14
• Food stuff - 8
• Metal 10 (CIA, 2001)
• Partners Finland - 17.9, Sweden - 13.2, Latvia
  - 11.4, Russia - 8.9, Lithuania - 5.8, Germany
  - 5.2, USA - 4.1 (CIA, 2007)
• Import - 14.75 billion (CIA, 2007est.)
• Machinery and equipment- 33.5
• Chemicals - 11.6
• Textile - 10.3
• Food stuff - 9.4
• Transport machinery - 8.9 (CIA, 2001)
• Partners Finland - 15.9, Germany - 12.8,
  Sweden - 10.1, Russia - 10, Latvia - 7.6,
  Lithuania - 6.9, Poland - 4.5 (CIA, 2007)

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Social development in Estonia

• Annually less than 200 people die from HIV/AID
  (CIA, 2003)
• 39 out of 100 000 are infected with tuberculosis
  (WHO, 2004)
• 5 of population live below the poverty level
  (CIA, 2003)
• Gender index
• 0.84 male/female (CIA, 2008) VS 18 in
  Parliament 26 in local councils (CEDAW, 2002)
  GDI -85 (UNDP 2008)
• Unemployment rate - 4.7 (CIA, 2007est.)
• Access to potable water
• Rural area - 69
• Urban area - 97 (WHO, 2000)
• Labor force by occupation
• Agriculture 11
• Industry 20
• Service 69 (CIA, 1999 est.)

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Budget management

• Budget components (inflow)
• Budget management (outflow)

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Budget management in Kyrgyzstan

• Budget (2008 Government Document)
• Revenues 1.17 billion
• Expenditure 1.192 billion
• Expenditures on education 4.9 (2005, CIA)
• Expenditures on healthcare 2.3 (2004, CIA)
• Inflation 22.5 (CIA, 2008)
• External debt 2.966 billion (CIA, 2007)

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Budget management in Malaysia

• Budget Management for 2007 (GK - Research)
• Revenues 44.32 billion
• Expenditures 55.01 billion (2008 est., CIA)
• Economic expenditures 48.5
• Social services 35.6
• Transport 20
• Education 17.1
• Military 11.2
• Agriculture 11.1
• Trade and industry 9.7
• Housing construction 8.2
• Public utilities 6.8
• Healthcare 4.7
• Property management 4.7
• Social 4
• Other 1

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Budget management in Estonia

• Inflows
• Agriculture 3 Industry 28.5 Service
  68.5 (CIA, 2007 est.)
• Revenues 7.854 ????.
• Expenditures 7.171 ????. (CIA, 2007 est.)
• Internal debt 3.4 (CIA, 2007 est.)
• External debt 24.82 billion (CIA, 2007)
• International financial aid 135.5 million
  (CIA, 2004)
• Inflation rate 6.6 (CIA, 2007 est.)
• Management (outflow)
• Education 5.1 (CIA, 2004)
• Healthcare 5.5 (WHO, 2004)
• Military 2 (CIA, 2005 est.)

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Analysis and evaluation for Kyrgyzstan

• Problems
• Unbalanced development of branches (economic
  social political)
• Small for education
• Sport and arts are not developed
• State debt transcends revenues
• The lack of transparency and access to
  trustworthy information (bureaucratic barriers)
• Possible solutions
• Professional, qualitative and quantitative
  approach to resource distribution (detailed
  analysis)
• Socio-economic orientated programs

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Reference

• http//www.mz.kg/
• http//www.undp.ru
• http//www.government.gov.kg/
• http//www.sti.gov.kg/
• http//www.customs.gov.kg/
• http//www.who.int/ru/index.html
• http//www.med.kg/
• http//www.mpe.gov.kg/ru/
• http//www.mert.kg/
• http//www.nato.int/issues/nato-russia/index-ru.ht
  ml
• http//www.nbkr.kg
• http//www.un.org/russian/
• http//typo38.unesco.org/ru/unesco-home.html
• http//www.euro.who.int/eprise/main/WHO/Progs/CHHE
  ST/sum/20041126_2
• http//www.euro.who.int/HEN/Syntheses/Disabilities
  /20030929_4
• http//www.euro.who.int/main/WHO/CountryInformatio
  n/HFAExtracts?CountryKGZlanguageEnglish
• http//www.fifa.com/associations/associationest/c
  ountryInfo.html
• https//www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world
  -factbook/
• http//www.unescap.org/esid/hds/youth/youth_malays
  ia.pdf

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Thank you for your attention!