Introduction to Cognitive Science (COGN1001)

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Introduction to Cognitive Science(COGN1001)

• Psychology Module (i)

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• Nature of Human Mind
• Cognitive Psychology
• Information processing system
• The architecture of the mind

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Information Processing Model

• Computer as an analogy
• Select, encode, store retrieve
• Empirical investigation evidence

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Sensory Memory

• Echoic memory
• Iconic memory
• Visual summation
• Phi phenomenon
• E.g., movies
• Backward masking

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• John

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• is

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• going

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• to

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• tell

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• you

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• a

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• story

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Sensory Memory (contd)

• Temporal limitation
• Brief
• Storage
• Relatively large
• Capacity?
• Duration?
• Sperling (1960)
• 3 x 3 letter matrix
• 3 x 4
• .15, .30, .50 msecs delay
• Whole report
• Partial report technique

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Sensory Memory (contd)

• Capacity
• Relatively large
• Duration
• 250 msecs
• Function
• Information loss
• Decay

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Attention

• Theories of Attention
• Early selection (Broadbent)
• Dichotic listening
• Left ear 7 4 1
• Right ear 3 2 5

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• Contrasting findings
• Shadowing
• Attended message
• They were throwing stones at the bank
• Unattended message
• money rather river
• Tended to remember
• They were throwing stones at the financial
  institution
• Cocktail party phenomenon

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• Attenuation (Treisman)
• Late selection (Deutsch Deutsch)
• Capacity model (Kahneman others)

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• Selective attention
• Divided attention
• Attention
• Unavoidable
• E.g., Stroop effect
• RED BLUE GREEN ORANGE
• RED BLUE GREEN ORANGE

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Short-term Memory

• Encoding
• How is information encoded?
• Demo

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• T L P K S J

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• T L P K S J
• P ? B
• P ? R
• Acoustic confusion

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Short-term Memory (contd)

• How can you keep the info in your STM?
• Capacity?
• Demo

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• F B I S A R U C S I B M

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• 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1

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• Lake Bread Jump Sing
• Song Pen Water Hop
• Paper Butter

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• F B I S A R U C S I B M
• (7)
• 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1
• (9)
• Lake Bread Jump Sing
• Song Pen Water Hop
• Paper Butter
• (5)

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Short-term Memory (contd)

• Storage limitation
• 7 2 items (George Miller, 1956)
• Chunking
• 28571017
• 2857-1017

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• F B I S A R U C S I B M
• F B I -S A R- U C S- I B M
• 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1
• 0 0 1 -0 1 1- 1 0 1- 0 0 0- 1 0 1
• Lake Bread Jump Sing
• Song Pen Water Hop
• Paper Butter
• Lake Water Bread Butter
• Jump Hop Sing Song
• Paper Pen

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Short-term Memory (contd)

• Duration?
• How can we go about to test it?

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Working Memory

• Baddeley (1989)
• 3 components
• Articulartory loop
• Visuospatial sketchpad
• Executive control system
• (e.g., simple arithmetic)
• Limited resources
• Digit span Arithmetic

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• Digit span
• English 7.3
• Chinese 9.9

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Working Memory (contd)

• Information loss
• Displacement
• Interference
• Decay