Multiple Sclerosis

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Multiple Sclerosis Interferon ?-1A

• Shelley Bankston

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What is MS?

• Chronic neurological disorder affecting the CNS
• Inflammatory autoimmune disease
• Demyelination of neurons

http//www.sfn.org
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Symptoms Signs

• Bladder dysfunction
• Bowel dysfunction
• Cognitive function
• Memory
• Attention
• Problem solving
• Dizziness and vertigo
• Depression
• Emotional changes

• Fatigue
• Difficulty walking
• Balance
• Coordination
• Numbness
• Pain
• Sexual dysfunction
• Splasticity
• Vision problems

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Forms of MS

• Benign
• Relapsing-remitting
• Secondary progressive
• Primary Progressive
• Progressive-relapsing

http//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b7/Type
s_of_MS.jpg
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Who is at risk?

• Individuals 20 - 45 years of age
• Women 2 times more likely
• Northern European descent
• Temperate vs. equator
• Children of MS patients

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Diagnosis

• No single test
• CNS lesions
• CNS imaging
• Brain MRI
• Spinal cord MRI

Diagnosis and Management of Multiple Sclerosis
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Diagnosis

• Sensory evoked potential
• Most commonly visual
• Auditory
• Cerebrospinal fluid analysis
• IgG concentration
• Serologic Testing
• exclude other
• diseases

http//www.webmd.com/hw-popup/Lumbar-puncture
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Precautions of Diagnosis
Diagnosis and Management of Multiple Sclerosis
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Pharmaceutical Treatment

• Symptomatic Therapy
• Disease Modifying Therapy
• Reduce relapse rate
• Reduce the rate of lesions

www.avonex.com
www.mslifelines.com
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Dosage, Administration, and Cost
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Side Effects and Treatment

• Flu-like symptoms
• Treat with pain reliever/fever reducer
• Lessen over time
• Reaction at injection site
• Bring to room temperature
• Massage area
• Injection technique
• Less common
• Allergic reaction
• Depression
• Liver abnormalities
• Low red or white blood cell count

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Drug Discovery
www.hampstercare.co.uk

• Product from recombinant Chinese hamster ovary
  cells
• Differs from human interferon
• Amino acid substitution
• Lack carbohydrate side chains

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Drug Mechanism

• After preclinical research
• Interferon involvement in activation and
  proliferation of antigens in periphery
• T-cell migration across the blood brain barrier
• Stimulate cytokines to trigger an
• anti-inflammatory response
• Response to surface antigens enhance immune cell
  activity
• Preserve and enhance nerve function
• Precaution neutralizing antibodies

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Non-pharmaceutical Treatment

• Physical therapy
• Improve function and quality of life
• Counseling
• Alternative therapy
• Special diets
• Bee stings
• Prokarin
• Acupuncture