A New Industrial Age

1
Chapter 14

• A New Industrial Age

2
Natural Resources Fuel Industrialization

• Used steam engine to drill for oil.
• Made kerosene from the oil and gasoline as a
  byproduct.
• Coal and iron deposits are found and steel is
  made from the iron by removing carbon.
• Railroads, farm equipment and barbed wire were
  made from steel.

3
Inventions Promote Change

• Thomas Alva Edison creates a new light bulb.
• Made electricity safer and less expensive.
• Electricity spurred the inventions of time-saving
  devices.
• Christopher Sholes invents the typewriter and
  Alexander Graham Bell invents the Telephone.

4
Brooklyn Bridge
5
The Age of the Railroads

• Railroads influenced many facets of American
  life, town of Pullman and the personal lives of
  the countrys citizens.
• Caused standard time zones to be set.
• Influenced growth of towns and communities.
• Led to widespread abuse because of amount of
  power railroad companies had.

6
Railroads Span Time and Space

• Made western travel much easier.
• Made a transcontinental railroad.
• The Central Pacific Railroad employed Chinese
  Immigrants and The Union Pacific hired Irish
  immigrants.
• Worked under extreme conditions.
• Professor C. F. Dowd divided the world into 24
  time zones.

7
Opportunities and Opportunists

• Railroads caused the iron, coal, steel, lumber
  and glass industries to grow.
• Isolated cities and towns grew because of new
  ways to get to them quickly.
• Pullman, a town for the workers of George
  Pullmans railcar factory, had people living
  under strict rules.

8
The grange and the Railroads

• Grange was a farmers organization founded in
  1867.
• Granges demanded governmental control over the
  railroad industry.
• Passed laws to establish maximum freight ad
  passenger rates and prohibit discrimination.
• Failed but government did monitor the railroad
  companies

9
History of Transportation
10
Carnegies Innovations

• Carnegie invented new methods for making steel
  and predicting exact costs.
• Vertical integration is a process in which he
  bought out his suppliers in order to control
  competing steel producers.
• Horizontal Integration is a process where
  companies with similar products merge.

11
Social Darwinism and Business

• Social Darwinism-Darwins theory of natural
  selection when it is applied to human society.
  The best suited will survive while the weak will
  die off.
• There were 4,000 millionaires by this time after
  the civil war.
• Many Americans believed in this theory because
  it showed that hard work would make anyone
  successful and that people are responsible for
  their own actions.

12
Fewer Control More

• Many industrialists used merges to expand their
  business.
• Holding companies are companies that have the
  sole purpose of buying out other companies.
• Rockefellers standard oil Company sold oil at
  extremely low prices to turn his competitors out
  of business then hiked up the prices to get tons
  of money.

13
Labor Unions Emerge

• Steel mills and other largely used companies had
  a seven day workweek and worked 12 hours or more.
• Not entitled to vacation, sick leave,
  unemployment compensation, or reimbursement for
  injuries.
• NLU (National Labor Union) was formed in 1866 by
  William H. Sylvis.
• They concentrated on linking existing local
  unions.

14
Strikes Turn Violent

• Many strikes turned deadly as workers attacked
  police forces.
• Even after the violence and death none of the
  unions accomplished much and gave into their
  employers.
• The industry leaders passed the Sherman Antitrust
  Act which allowed them to stop workers from
  striking. If the company said the strike or
  boycott hurt interstate trade then the government
  would issue an injunction.