Green technologies

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Green technologies

• Is it necessary and useful?

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Agenda

• What is green technology?
• Is there a business case for it?
• What technologies are needed?
• Some early examples
• Conclusions

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Agenda

• What is green technology?
• Is there a business case for it?
• What technologies are needed?
• Some early examples
• Conclusions

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Green Technologies A workmans definition

• Technologies that consume as little energy and
  power as possible to deliver a solution
• Use materials that do not cause pollution to
  produce
• Produce no waste or easily disposable waste
• Scaling does not cause environmental nightmare
• Technologies that support green solutions

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Agenda

• What is green technology?
• Is there a business case for it?
• What technologies are needed?
• Some early examples
• Conclusions

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Business 2.0 Magazine Mar 07

• 8 technologies for a green future
• Environmental Sensor Networks
• Endangered species tracker
• The interactive, renewable smart power grid
• Autonomous ocean robots
• Home hydrogen fuelling station
• Toxin-eating trees
• Nuclear waste neutralizer
• Sonic water purifier

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UIUC Coordinated Sciences Lab

• The next phase of IT revolution may involve the
  active interaction with the environment
• Achieved through the convergence of communication
  and computation with control (sensing and
  actuation)

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Agenda

• What is green technology?
• Is there a business case for it?
• What technologies are needed?
• Some early examples
• Conclusions

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Common denominator

• Sensor network
• A few to 10s of thousands
• Hybrid networks
• Ad hoc network for sensor connections
• Back haul networks
• Low energy consumption and longevity of network
• Signal processing
• Control systems
• Easy and simple interfaces
• Low cost

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Ad hoc networks

• Wireless networks are formed by nodes with radios
• There is no a priori notion of links
• Nodes simply radiate energy
• Nodes can cooperate in many complex ways

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Ad Hoc Wireless Networks

• Current proposal for operation Multi-hop
  transport
• Nodes relay packets until they reach their
  destinations
• Fully decode packets at each stage treating
  allinterference as noise
• Interfering packets destructively collide with
  each other

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Multi-hop architecture

• Nearly optimal
• For implementation we need
• Power control
• MAC
• Routing
• Transport

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Ad hoc sensor network issues

• How do we organize them?
• Distributed Real-time based systems
• What are the right abstractions?
• What should be the architecture of the system?
• Application independent, Context independent
  architecture

What are the right abstractions?What is the
architecture?
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The importance of architecture

• Success of Internet is due to its architecture
• Peer-to-peer protocols
• Hierarchy of layers
• Plug-and-play
• Proliferation of technology
• Success of computing
• von Neumann
• Hardware designers and software designers need
  only to conform to abstractions of each other
• Control system paradigm
• Plant and controller separation

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The Power Control problem

• How do we choose power levels of transmissions in
  wireless networks?
• Power level influences range
• Power levels determine interference
• Power levels affect routes
• Conceptualization problem for Power Control

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More Power Control problem

• Which Layer?
• Physical layer
• Quality of reception
• Network layer
• Impact on routing
• Transport layer
• Higher power impacts congestion
• How to fit Power Control in the hierarchical OSI
  framework?

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Routing in Ad hoc NW

• Forwarding
• Delivering packets to the right destination
• Load adaptation
• Can we design an adaptive distributed
  asynchronous routing algorithm that adapts routes
• To the topology of the network
• To the prevailing traffic conditions, e.g., is
  delay adaptive?
• Load balancing
• How to distribute the loading on different areas
  of the network

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Other needs

• Hardware
• Gives enough interfaces that we can write
  software
• That we can experiment with
• That will spark proliferation
• Like IEEE 802.11

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Agenda

• What is green technology?
• Is there a business case for it?
• What technologies are needed?
• Some early examples
• Conclusions

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A research Vehicle example

• In an Electric or a hybrid vehicle implement
  various subsystems to
• Make the vehicle environment aware
• Manage vehicle navigation
• Manage power and energy
• Monitor and actuate remotely
• Provide infrastructure for networking wirelessly
• Provide extensive instrumentation for gathering
  field data from vehicle and environment
• Allow subsystem selection for a given vertical
  (application) of the vehicle (like a custom made
  DELL computer!)

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Intended applications

• Research
• Trying out various WSN, Wifi networks for a
  variety of applications
• Delay tolerant networks
• Data collection
• Distribution of critical materials (life saving
  drugs, seeds, .)
• Trying out various DSP for building subsystems
• Some application domains with rural bias
• Health care
• E-services
• Disaster management
• Mobile infotainment
• Agriculture
• Security Integration of vehicle and home
  security
• Autonomous vehicle
• .

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Communication System

• Wifi access point to act as a local hub and
  connection to a wired LAN
• Wireless Sensor Network
• Ability to connect to a high speed LAN, CDMA,
  GPRS, and dial-up lines
• FM transmitter
• AM, FM radio receivers
• TV tuner
• DTH TV

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Environmental sensors

• Weather monitoring system
• Network presence detectors
• Digital cameras
• GPS receiver
• Smoke and dust detectors
• Ultrasonic distance measuring device

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Typical mobile vehicles
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Typical mobile health care vehicle

• Integrates
• ECG
• Emergency operations
• Many other functionalities

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Applications

• Mobile healthcare
• Mobile broadcaster
• Mobile e-service provider
• Mobile disaster management
• Mobile e-post service
• .

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Wildlife studies
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Agenda

• What is green technology?
• Is there a business case for it?
• What technologies are needed?
• Some early examples
• Conclusions

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Conclusions

• Green technologies are very important
• They make a business case
• WSN, Energy sources.are important technology
  enablers
• Many challenges
• Many exciting applications

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Thank you

• Join the journey