Human Factors

1
Human Factors

• Rolla
• Session 6
• September 27, 2001

2
SUMMARY OF WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT MOTOR SKILLS

• FASTEST MOVEMENT IS AT 45 DEGREES FROM BODY,
  PAGE 290
• LIMITS ON MOVEMENT, PAGE 275
• WHAT PERCENTILES TO USE
• 5 TO MAKE SURE MOST PEOPLE CAN DO IT

3
WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT HUMAN CONTROL OF SYSTEMS?

• CONTROLS THAT CONTROL DISPLAYS
• PHYSICAL ARRANGEMENT
• Page 305
• ROTARY CONTROLS AND ROTARY
• DISPLAYS, Page 307-308

4
MOVING SCALES WITH FIXED POINTERS STRONG
RELATIONSHIPS

• SCALE SHOULD ROTATE IN THE SAME DIRECTION AN THE
  CONTROL KNOB DIRECT DRIVE
• SCALE NUMBERS INCREASE FROM LEFT TO RIGHT
• CONTROL SHOULD TURN CLOCKWISE TO INCREASE
  SETTINGS
• NOTE THAT WE CANNOT DO ALL THREE OF
  THESE. WHAT ARE THE BEST ONES TO VIOLATE??
•   SEE PAGE 308

5
ROTARY CONTROLS AND LINEAR DISPLAYS IN THE SAME
PLANE

• STRONG RELATIONSHIPS
• WARRICKS PRINCIPAL
• SCALE-SIDE PRINCIPAL
• CLOCKWISE TO INCREASE
•  
• SEE PAGE 309

6
DESIGN OF CONTROLS AND DATA ENTRY DEVICES

• WHAT TYPE TO SELECT, SEE PAGES 336 AND 337
• IDENTIFICATION OF CONTROLS, HOW DO WE KNOW WHAT
  CONTROL CONTROLS WHICH DEVICE??
• THE ACTUAL SIZE OR DIMENSIONS OF CONTROLS, SEE
  APPENDIX B2
• MULTIPLE CONTROLS, SEE PAGE 481
• LOCATION OF CONTROLS, PAGES 427, 471 432

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HOW TO IDENTIFY CONTROLS
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HOW ARE THESE CONTROLS IDENTIFIED

• 1.      STEERING WHEEL ON A CAR
• 2.      BRAKE ON A CAR
• 3.      LIGHT SWITCH FOR ROOM
• 4.      DOOR KNOW ON A DOOR
• 5.      VOLUME ON A STEREO
• 6.      TUNER ON A STEREO
• 7.      KEYS ON A KEY PAD
• 8.      FLOOR SELECTION ON AN ELEVATOR
• 9.      WATER CONTROLS AT A SINK HOT OR COLD??
• 10.    GEAR SHIFT FOR MANUAL TRANSMISSION

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IDENTIFICATION OF CONTROLS

• 1.      SHAPE, PAGE 338 AND PAGE 239
• 2.      TEXTURE, PAGE 115
• 3.      LOCATION, COULD BE IN TROUBLE IF
  TOO CLOSE, SEE PAGE 341

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IDENTIFICATION OF CONTROLS CONTINUED

• 4. SIZE, SEE PAGE 340
• DIFFER BY 1/2 INCHES IN DIAMETER AND 3/8
  INCHES IN THICKNESS - BRADLEY STUDY
• 5. OPERATIONAL METHOD, SEE STUDY ON PAGE 343

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IDENTIFICATION OF CONTROLS CONTINUED

• 6.      COLOR CODING
• MUST HAVE GOOD ILLUMINATION
• CANT GET DIRTY
•  
• APPLICATIONS ???

12
IDENTIFICATION OF CONTROLS CONTINUED

• 8.      LABEL
• WE KNOW HOW TO DO THIS!!!!
•  
• REMEMBER WE CAN COMBINE
• SEVERAL METHODS

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CONTROL RESPONSE RATIO

• C/R
• MOVEMENT OF THE CONTROL DIVIDED BY THE AMOUNT OF
  RESPONSE
• RADIO TUNER
• CAR STEERING WHEEL
• CRANK FOR WINDOWS ON CAR

14
RESISTANCE IN CONTROLS

• ELASTIC RESISTANCE
• SPRING LOADED
•  
• STATIC RESISTANCE
• STEERING WHEEL
• RADIO TUNER

15
DESIGN OF SOME SPECIFIC HAND OPERATED CONTROLS

• KNOBS FOR PRODUCTING TORQUE
• PAGE 352 AND 353
• DESIGN OF JOY STICKS
• PAGE 354

16
DESIGN OF FOOT CONTROLS

• CAR BRAKE
• CAR ACCELERATOR
• USED A LOT IN MACHINES
•  
• SEE STUDY ON PAGE 357
•  
• SEE PAGE 474 FOR LOCATION
•  

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AUTOMOBILE BRAKE AND ACCELERATOR PEDALS

• ACCELERATOR LOWER THAN BRAKE?
•  
• KEEP AT SAME LEVEL?
•  
• BRAKE BELOW ACCELERATOR?

18
DATA ENTRY DEVICES

• ALPHABETIC KEYBOARDS
• DISTANCE BETWEEN KEYS??
• QWERTY VS DORVAK
•  
• CACULATOR VS PHONE
•  
• ERGONOMIC KEYBOARD, PAGE 367

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DESIGN OF HAND TOOLS

• MAIN PRINCIPAL
• KEEP THE WRIST STRAIGHT
•  
• THE HUMAN HAND , PAGE 385

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SOME TOOL DESIGN EXAMPLES

• PAGE 388
• PAGE 389
• PAGE 391
• PAGE 392
• PAGE 393
• THE REACH TOOTH BRUSH PAGE 403
• THE DENTAL SYRINGE PAGE 405
• THE DISC CAMERA PAGE 408

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READING ASSIGNMENT FOR NEXT WEEK, PART FOUR

• LOOK AT PAGES 417 AND 418 AND THINK ABOUT HOW
  WE COULD USE THIS TABLE TO DESIGN MAN MACHINE
  SYSTEMS AND WORK STATIONS