Plagiarism: The unforgivable sin

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PlagiarismThe unforgivable sin

• Sponsored by the Mount Olive College
• Student Success Center

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WHAT IS IT?

• Plagiarism is defined in the 2007-2008
• Mount Olive Catalog as
• The use of the thoughts, writing, concepts, or
  visual representations of another person without
  proper acknowledgement and documentation.

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WHAT IS INCLUDED?

• According to the 2007-2008
• Mount Olive Catalog plagiarism includes,
• but is not limited to the following
• The use, by paraphrase or direct quotation, of
  the published or unpublished work of another
  person without full or clear acknowledgement.

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Why is it so tricky?

• According to the University of Maine at
  Farmington
• two noted historians got into trouble even
  though their works used footnotes clearly
  indicating their sources. The problems lay in
  sentence structures that too closely mirrored the
  original texts

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HOW CAN YOU AVOID IT?
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Keep control!!
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Keep control!!
(of your argument)
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Tips for Keeping Control

• Select carefully
• Integrate all ideas
• Dont quote too much
• Only use direct quotations when the authors
  wording is necessary

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Begin at the beginning

• The note-taking stage

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• Paraphrasing

some interesting insights.
Restating the authors ideas in your own words.
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AcceptableorPlagiarism?
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Original source 1 If the existence of a signing
ape was unsettling for linguists, it was also
startling news for animal behaviourists (Davis
26).

• Version A
• The existence of a signing ape unsettled
  linguists and startled animal behaviourists
  (Davis 26).

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Original source 1 If the existence of a signing
ape was unsettling for linguists, it was also
startling news for animal behaviourists (Davis
26).

• Version A
• The existence of a signing ape unsettled
  linguists and startled animal behaviourists
  (Davis 26).

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Original source 1 If the existence of a signing
ape was unsettling for linguists, it was also
startling news for animal behaviourists (Davis
26).

• Version A
• The existence of a signing ape unsettled
  linguists and startled animal behaviourists
  (Davis 26).

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Original source 1 If the existence of a signing
ape was unsettling for linguists, it was also
startling news for animal behaviourists (Davis
26).

• Version B
• If the presence of a sign-language-using chimp
  was disturbing for scientists studying language,
  it was also surprising to scientists studying
  animal behaviour (Davis 26).

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Original source 1 If the existence of a signing
ape was unsettling for linguists, it was also
startling news for animal behaviourists (Davis
26).

• Version B
• If the presence of a sign-language-using chimp
  was disturbing for scientists studying language,
  it was also surprising to scientists studying
  animal behaviour (Davis 26).

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Original source 1 If the existence of a signing
ape was unsettling for linguists, it was also
startling news for animal behaviourists (Davis
26).

• Version B
• If the presence of a sign-language-using chimp
  was disturbing for scientists studying language,
  it was also surprising to scientists studying
  animal behaviour (Davis 26).

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Original source 1 If the existence of a signing
ape was unsettling for linguists, it was also
startling news for animal behaviourists (Davis
26).

• Version C
• According to Flora Davis, linguists and animal
  behaviourists were unprepared for the news that a
  chimp could communicate with its trainers through
  sign language (Davis 26).

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Original source 1 If the existence of a signing
ape was unsettling for linguists, it was also
startling news for animal behaviourists (Davis
26).

• Version C
• According to Flora Davis, linguists and animal
  behaviourists were unprepared for the news that a
  chimp could communicate with its trainers through
  sign language (Davis 26).

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Original source 2 Women eat more raw vegetables
than men do (Boone 71).

• Version A
• Women consume more raw vegetables than men (Boone
  71).

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Original source 2 Women eat more raw vegetables
than men do (Boone 71).

• Version A
• Women consume more raw vegetables than men (Boone
  71).

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Original source 2 Women eat more raw vegetables
than men do (Boone 71).

• Version B
• Men eat less raw vegetables than women do (Boone
  71).

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Original source 2 Women eat more raw vegetables
than men do (Boone 71).

• Version B
• Men eat less raw vegetables than women do (Boone
  71).

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Original source 2 Women eat more raw vegetables
than men do (Boone 71).

• Version C
• The dietary habits of men and women are quite
  different especially when we consider the vas
  amounts of vegetables that women eat as compared
  with the limited amount of vegetables eaten by
  men (Boone 71).

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Original source 2 Women eat more raw vegetables
than men do (Boone 71).

• Version C
• The dietary habits of men and women are quite
  different especially when we consider the vas
  amounts of vegetables that women eat as compared
  with the limited amount of vegetables eaten by
  men (Boone 71).

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Definite Donts

• Copying and pasting complete papers from
  electronic sources
• Copying and pasting passages from electronic
  sources without placing the passages in quotes
  and properly citing the source
• Having others write complete papers or portions
  of it for you

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• Summarizing ideas without citing their source
• Pulling out quotes from sources without putting
  quotation marks around the passages
• Closely paraphrasing not putting the
  information in your own words (even if its
  cited)
• Quoting statistics without naming the source
  (unless you gathered the date yourself)

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• Using words and passages you dont understand and
  cant explain
• Self-plagiarizing using one paper for more than
  one class without the permission of your
  professors
• Making up sources
• Making up bibliographic or citation information
• Using photographs, video, or audio without
  permission or acknowledgment

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• Translating from one language to another without
  properly citing the original source
• Copying computer programs or other technical
  information without acknowledgment
• Failing to acknowledge sources of oral
  presentation, slides, or Web projects
• Failing to acknowledge sources of elements of
  nonverbal work painting, dance, music,
  mathematical proof
• University of Maine at Farmington

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APAMLAChicago Style
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• Fall River, where the Borden family lived, was
  typical of north eastern industrial cities of the
  nineteenth century. Steam-powered production had
  shifted labor from agriculture to manufacturing,
  and as immigrants arrived in the US, they found
  work in these new factories (Williams 1).

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• Fall River, where the Borden family lived, was
  typical of north eastern industrial cities of the
  nineteenth century. Steam-powered production had
  shifted labor from agriculture to manufacturing,
  and as immigrants arrived in the US, they found
  work in these new factories (Williams 1).

According to the MLA, the date is never provided
in the in-text citation only the author and page
number (whether quoting directly or paraphrasing)
must be provided.
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• The sleeping habits of cats vary dramatically
  from those of their human owners especially when
  we consider the vast amounts of sleep cats need
  as compared to the eight hours needed by people
  (Whitesides, 2007).

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• The sleeping habits of cats vary dramatically
  from those of their human owners especially when
  we consider the vast amounts of sleep cats need
  as compared to the eight hours needed by people
  (Whitesides, 2007).

According to the APA, a page number is not
provided when paraphrasing only the author and
date must be provided.
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• One theorist responds by stating, We assume that
  listening is an innate skill, but you can train
  your students to be better listeners
• (McKeachie, 1999, p. 71).

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• One theorist responds by stating, We assume that
  listening is an innate skill, but you can train
  your students to be better listeners
• (McKeachie, 1999, p. 71).

For direct quotes in APA, always use the author,
date, and page number in the citation.
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This, wrote George Templeton Strong, is what
our tailors can do. (In an earlier book he had
said quite the opposite.)2
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This, wrote George Templeton Strong, is what
our tailors can do. (In an earlier book he had
said quite the opposite.)2
In Chicago Style a note number should be placed
at the end of a sentence or at the end of a
clause. The number follows any punctuation mark
except for the dash, which it precedes. It
follows a closing parenthesis.
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• We are informed that to communicate effectively
  with other people, one must have a reasonably
  accurate idea of what they do or do not know
• (Nickerson 737).

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• We are informed that to communicate effectively
  with other people, one must have a reasonably
  accurate idea of what they do or do not know
• (Nickerson 737).

For direct quotes in MLA, always use the author
and page number in the citation.
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Other acceptable ways to use direct quotations

• APA
• McKeachie (1999) noted, We assume that listening
  is an innate skill (p.71).

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Other acceptable ways to use direct quotations

• APA
• McKeachie (1999) noted, We assume that listening
  is an innate skill (p.71).

MLA McKeachie noted, We assume that listening is
an innate skill (71).
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What if you do it anyway?
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How do you get caught?

• Information you could not possibly know without a
  source
• Example Tennessee ratified the 14th amendment
  in 1866, and hence avoided Military
  Reconstruction.

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Exceptions

• Common knowledge facts that can be found in
  numerous places and are likely to be known by a
  lot of people.
• Example John F. Kennedy was elected
  President of the United States in 1960.

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How do you get caught?

• Language that does not sound like you
• Example A recipient is prohibited from
  perpetuating discrimination on the foundation of
  disability in any program or activity of a
  subrecipient.

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How do you get caught?

• Margin or font shifts in the paper
• Example
• Less controversial because of its singular
  subject was Mason Locke Weems book. His
  unblushing study in hero worship peaked in
  popularity during the 1810s.
• It was Weems who originated the story of the
  boy
• Washington chopping down the cherry tree and
  the
• tale of an older Washington throwing a silver
  dollar
• the width of the Rappahannock River.

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How do you get caught?

• Information you could not possibly know without a
  source Information you could not possibly know
  without a source
• Language that does not sound like you
• Margin or font shifts in the paper
• Information that is only loosely connected to the
  topic

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• The easiest way to positively, absolutely
  identify plagiarism without a shadow of a doubt.

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• John C. Calhoun of South Carolina, Jacksons
  Vice-President, was the leading opposition of the
  tariff and a vigorous one at that. Calhoun had
  abandoned his earlier nationalistic views and by
  1828 had begun to defend a states right to be
  free from unwanted national control. For more
  information on John C. Calhoun go to United
  States History of the Republic on the home page.

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• According to the 2007-2008
• Mount Olive College catalog,
• sanctions for plagiarism may include
• permanent separation from the College,
  suspension, disciplinary warning,
• or failure of the course involved.

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Flee temptation!
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Basic principles to avoid plagiarism

• Always place quotation marks around direct
  quotes.
• Give credit to someone elses words (quotes) or
  ideas (paraphrase) in the text and the
  bibliography.
• Cite all quoted, paraphrased, and summarized
  information.

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