Justice

1
Justice Dispute System Design

• Lisa Blomgren Bingham lbingham_at_indiana.edu
• Jan Martinez janmartinez_at_law.stanford.edu
• Stephanie Smith sesmith_at_aol.com

2
System Design Conflict Prevention, Management
Resolution

• Primer on System Design
• Harvard Symposium
• Example

3
Process Characteristics

• Formality
• Process control (by parties or third-party
  neutral)
• Outcome control (by parties or third-party
  neutral)
• Expense in time and resources
• Focus on rights v. interests (Ury, Brett
  Goldberg)

4
Process Spectrum

• Prevention
• Negotiation
• Mediative (Non-Binding) ADR Processes
• Ombuds
• Facilitative Mediation
• Evaluative Mediation
• Early Neutral Evaluation (ENE)
• Med-Arb
• Adjudicative (Binding) ADR Processes
• Arbitration
• Administrative Hearing
• Court Trial

5
2008 Harvard Symposium Dispute System Design
Across Contexts and Continents

• www.law.harvard.edu/hnmcp/dsdsymposium2008.php
• Robert Bordone What is Dispute Systems Design?
• Symposium Panel Discussion Forum

6
System Design Contexts

• Organizational
• Intra-organizational (employment)
• Extra-organizational
• individuals, companies
• Government agencies
• Universities
• Nation-states
• International institutions

• Transactional
• Mass torts
• Class actions
• Complex disputes
• Natural disasters
• Terrorism

7
Steps for Designing a System

• Conduct an assessment of stakeholders goals,
  interests, relationships
• Ascertain system goals and establish priorities
• Develop new system in concert with relevant
  stakeholders
• Implement system with necessary capacity building
• Evaluate system and modify in accordance with
  evolving needs and objectives

8
Design Principles - Ury, Brett Goldberg 1993

• Focus on interests
• Build in loop-backs to negotiation
• Provide low-cost rights and power backups
• Build in consultation before and feedback after
• Arrange procedures in a low-to-high cost sequence
• Provide necessary motivation, skills and resources

9
Design Principles - Costantino Sickles-Merchant
1996

• Develop guidelines for ADR use
• Tailor the process to particular problems
• Build in preventive methods of ADR
• Ensure disputants have knowledge and skill to use
  ADR
• Create ADR systems that are simple to use, easy
  to access, resolve disputes early, at lowest
  organizational level, with least bureaucracy
• Allow disputants to retain maximum control over
  ADR method and neutral choice

10
Evaluation Criteria

• Efficiency
• Cost, time
• Effectiveness
• Outcome, durability, recurrence
• Satisfaction
• Outcome, process, relationships
• Ury, Brett Goldberg
• Costantino Sickles Merchant

11
Example World Trade Organization

• Most used international dispute resolution
  mechanism - array of institutional processes to
  address scope of conflict at different levels
• -- Policy making establish legal rights by
  multilateral negotiation
• -- Policy implementation assess national
  implementation through periodic multilateral
  dialogue review
• -- Policy enforcement conciliate/arbitrate
  individual country disputes

12
Intro to Diagnosis

• Goals?
• Stakeholders? Most powerful?
• Process/Context? How arose? How designed? By
  whom?
• System structure/incentives?
• Transparency/accountability?
• Financing?
• How successful? Who participates?
• Interaction with formal legal system?