LANDUSE PLANNING

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Chapter 13

• LAND-USE PLANNING

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Historical Land Use

• Lands surface is typically considered to be a
  nonrenewable resource
• Gaining area of one land use type requires the
  loss of another type. Currently U.S. is 47
  crops, 45 is forests and natural areas, 5 for
  urban centers and transportation corridors

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Historical Land Use

• Original major transportation in North America
  was primarily by water
• Cities built along rivers
• Major cities developed as far inland as rivers
  were navigable
• Rivers also provided drinking water, waste
  disposal, power, and industries needs

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Historical Land Use

• Industries frequently overtook the river front
  water provided transportation, waste disposal,
  power
• Farmlands surrounded cities and were easily
  developed.

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Cities - Development

• Workers started migrating from the farms to the
  cities (work)
• Agricultural efficiency less workers
• Many jobs appeared in the cities
• immigrants from other countries landed in cities
• Cities offered cultural, social, and artistic
  opportunities not found in rural settings

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Suburbia

• The core of most cities had the industrial
  centers along with the associated pollution and
  high human density.
• Those who could afford it, left the citys core
  areas (automobiles and roads made this possible)
• Transportation, energy, and services were more
  costly to provide to suburbs

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Problems with Urban Sprawl

• Ribbon sprawl
• Tract development
• Wealthy suburbs
• Open space continually lost
• Suburbs from different cities collide - formed
  megalopolis Metroplex

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Farmlands

• Easy to develop.
• If near cities, attractive for development
• Taxes are often based on highest potential use,
  rather than current use encourage development.

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Floodplains

• Easy to develop, but more expensive
• Development causes more flooding downstream.
• Must get permit to develop from U.S. Army Corps
  of Engineers

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Wetlands

• Values of wetlands was overlooked for a long
  time.
• Perhaps as much as 90 of wetlands which occurred
  in the U.S. have been filled in.

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Multiple Land Use Concept

• Rather than all or none (e.g. highways and
  wilderness areas), multiple land use can be the
  decision
• Example - U.S. Forests
• habitat
• recreation
• lumbering
• watershed protection

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Recreation

• Recreation seems to be a basic human need
• Vast majority of US citizens live in cities and
  want some open space to offset crowded living
  conditions
• Some cities planned for this desire when
  designing the city many did not.

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Recreation

• Private recreational centers, public parks and
  rec. departments, nature centers, outdoor
  activities
• The desire for adventure causes much conflict
• Between different recreational users
• Between recreation and business

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Land-use Planning Principles

• An attempt to find the best use and least
  damaging use of each parcel of land
• Data required to make this finding
• current use
• geological
• biological
• sociological
• What are humans needs????

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Decisions on use is made and implemented via

• Purchasing lands
• Common governmental approach, as well as several
  conservation groups very expensive
• Regulating land use
• Zoning
• Agricultural, residential, commercial, etc...

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Regional Planning

• Planning with less regard to political boundaries
• Political and economic pressures attempt to undue
  these plans.
• It takes large, well financed levels of
  government to do effective regional planning.

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Transportation Planning

• Develop comprehensive urban transportation
  networks.
• Conserve Energy
• Provide efficient, affordable transportation
• Commuter systems
• Reduce pollution

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Mass Transit

• Need large populations
• Less convenient than cars
• Very expensive
• Can be crowded and uncomfortable
• As population becomes more affluent, there is
  less desire for mass transit
• Many governments encourage automobiles rather
  than mass transit

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