INTRODUCTION TO PETROLEUM

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INTRODUCTION TO PETROLEUM

• WHAT IS PETROLEUM ????
• A mixture of gaseous, liquid, and solid
  HYDROCARBONS
• HYDROCARBON ????
• Very large molecules made up entirely of carbon
  and hydrogen atoms

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A SOURCE OF ENERGY

• A FUEL OF GREATER ENERGY CONTENT
• MORE ENERGY THAN COAL
• EASIER TO TRANSPORT
• EASIER TO UTILIZE IN INDUSTRY
• GASOLINE FOR CARS

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WHAT IS IT USED FOR..MOSTLY

• FUELS FOR TRANSPORTATION AND HEATING
• Transportation is 95 dependent
• PRODUCTS OF ALL TYPES ARE MADE FROM PETROLEUM

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MINING FOR OIL

• SINCE PETROLEUM IS DEEP IN THE GROUND
• AND A LIQUID TO BOOT
• AN OIL WELL MUST BE USED TO DRILL INTO THE GROUND
• THE PETROLEUM IS THEN PUMPED OUT THROUGH A PIPE
• THE PETROLEUM IS MEASURED BY
• THE BARREL
• A BARREL HOLDS 42 U.S. GALLONS

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SO WHAT DO YOU DO WITH IT

• WHEN IT COMES FROM THE GROUND
• KNOWN AS CRUDE OIL
• CRUDE OIL IS THE BASIC PETROLEUM MATERIAL
• WHAT DO YOU DO WITH SOMETHING(OR SOME ONE) THAT
  IS CRUDE
• YOU REFINE IT (OR THEM)

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REFINING OF CRUDE OIL

• A PROCESS CALLED
• FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION
• SEPARATES CRUDE OIL INTO
• MANY DIFFERENT PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
• FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION
• BREAKS LARGE HYDROCARBON MOLECULES INTO SMALLER
  ONES

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WHAT CAN YOU MAKE

• ALL TYPES OF USEFUL PRODUCTS
• PLASTICS
• RUBBER
• PAINT
• DYES
• MEDICINES
• MOST CLOTHING ITEMS
• POLAR FLEECE
• THOUSANDS MORE

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GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION

• MIDDLE EAST
• VENEZUELA
• NORTH SEA
• UNITED STATES
• MEXICO
• CANADA
• RUSSIA

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OUR OWN COUNTRY

• TEXAS
• OKALAHOMA
• COLORADO
• GULF OF MEXICO
• ALASKA
• CALIFORNIA
• ALASKA COASTAL REGIONS
• THE LARGEST OIL FIELD IN THE U.S. IS
• THE NORTH SLOPE, ALASKA

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HOW MUCH DO WE USE

• DURING A TYPICAL DAY THE U. S. USES
• 15,129,000 BARRELS OF OIL THAT EQUALS
• ________________ GALLONS
• HOWEVER, THE U.S. WILL PRODUCE ONLY
• 5,801,000 BARRELS OF PETROLEUM IN A TYPICAL DAY
• SO, WHERE DOES ALL THE EXTRA COME FROM . . .

635,418,000.0
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IMPORTS

• AND A LOT OF THEM
• 9,338,000 BARRELS OF THEM IN 2001
• FROM WHERE
• THE TOP IMPORTING COUNTRIES ARE
• CANADA
• SAUDI ARABIA
• VENEZUELA
• MEXICO

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HOW IS IT TRANSPORTED

• TRUCK
• PIPELINE
• TRAIN
• SHIP
• WHY NOT AIRPLANE

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WHAT ABOUT A RESERVE,JUST IN CASE

• THE STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE
• IS USED TO SUPPLY THE COUNTRY
• IF IMPORTS CUT OFF OR HARD TO GET
• ABOUT A 50 DAY SUPPLY
• ABOUT 544,000,000 BARRELS
• STORED IN VARIOUS PLACES AROUND THE COUNTRY
• LAST USED
• AFTER HURRICANE KATRINA

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HOW DOES SUPPLY AFFECT COST

• A DECREASE OF ABOUT MILLION BARRELS
• WOULD INCREASE COST ABOUT
• 10 CENTS A GALLON

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HOW LONG IS IT GOING TO LAST

• NO ONE REALLY KNOWS, BUT . . .
• ESTIMATES FOR WORLD SUPPLIES
• ABOUT 40 MORE YEARS
• SOME EXPERTS THINK SHORTAGES WILL BE APPARENT BY
  2010
• FOR THE U.S.
• IN 4 TO 10 YEARS WE MAY HAVE TO RELY ON TOTALLY
  IMPORTED PETROLEUM