Sports science research

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Sports science research

• Working with
• Elite athletes
• Recovering cardiac patients
• Phoenix Club
• Human performance unit
• Working with professional sports clubs
• Green exercise research
• Benefits of nature with exercise

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Green Exercise research

• Tested effects of different views whilst engaged
  in running on treadmill for 20 minutes on
• Mood and self-esteem
• Blood pressure
• Views
• Rural pleasant
• Rural unpleasant
• Urban pleasant
• Urban unpleasant
• None (brick wall)
• University of Essex Green Exercise Research
• by Jo Peacock, Murray Griffin, Martin Sellens,
  Jules Pretty

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Centre for Sports Exercise Science
MYOCARDIAL STRESS AFTER ULTRA-ENDURANCE RUNNING
IN EXTREME HEAT R.M. Leithäuser, H. Doppelmayr,
M. Doppelmayr, H. Finkernagel, S.P. von
Duvillard, FACSM, L. Golding, FACSM, H.J. Roth,
R. Beneke, FACSM
The effects of prolonged exercise on cardiac
muscle integrity and function are still more
controversial and less well investigated than
skeletal muscle damage. The Badwaterultra, a
216 km race through Death Valley, CA, USA, might
serve as an excellent model to further
investigate cardiac muscle integrity and
function. The combination of extreme
temperatures of up to 54C and a demanding course
profile consisting of 110.4 flat km, 73.6 uphill
km (approx. 4000 m total) and 32 downhill km
(approx. 1400 m total) makes it to one of the
world toughest Ultramarathons. The purpose of
this study was to investigate possible negative
effects of prolonged, exhaustive exercise in
extreme heat on the heart based upon humoral
markers of cardiac damage and dysfunction in
experienced ultra-endurance runners.
Results I Six runners finished the race within
the time limit of 60 hours. One runner dropped
out after approx. 85 km (16 h) and the other
after approx. 194km (57 h).
Acknowledgment The authors wish to express their
gratitude to all runners and supporters of the
RUNEX123-project. Supported by Laboratory Dr.
Limbach colleagues, Heidelberg, Germany
Photos 1 and 2 Start and on the way.
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Centre for Sports Exercise Science
MYOCARDIAL STRESS AFTER ULTRA-ENDURANCE RUNNING
IN EXTREME HEAT R.M. Leithäuser, H. Doppelmayr,
M. Doppelmayr, H. Finkernagel, S.P. von
Duvillard, FACSM, L. Golding, FACSM, H.J. Roth,
R. Beneke, FACSM
Creatine kinase, creatine kinase MB and cardiac
Troponin T were measured as humoral markers
reflecting myocardial damage. Additionally, the
nt-fragment of pro-B-type natriuretic peptide
indicating cardiac dysfunction was analysed.
Start at 86 m below sea-level
Venous blood samples were obtained from eight
highly-trained male endurance athletes before,
during and after termination of the race.
On the way at 54C
Results I Six runners finished the race within
the time limit of 60 hours. One runner dropped
out after approx. 85 km (16 h) and the other
after approx. 194km (57 h).
Acknowledgment The authors wish to express their
gratitude to all runners and supporters of the
RUNEX123-project. Supported by Laboratory Dr.
Limbach colleagues, Heidelberg, Germany
Photos 1 and 2 Start and on the way.
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Centre for Sports Exercise Science
MYOCARDIAL STRESS AFTER ULTRA-ENDURANCE RUNNING
IN EXTREME HEAT R.M. Leithäuser, H. Doppelmayr,
M. Doppelmayr, H. Finkernagel, S.P. von
Duvillard, FACSM, L. Golding, FACSM, H.J. Roth,
R. Beneke, FACSM
Since cardiac Troponin T remained unchanged
following the ultra-endurance exercise in extreme
heat the clear increase in both creatine kinase
and creatine kinase MB seems to be mainly
attributed to skeletal muscle damage.
Done after 216 km
However, the rise in nt-fragment of pro-B-type
natriuretic peptide may reflect a temporary,
reversible left ventricular dysfunction.
Finish at 2500 m above sea-level
Results I Six runners finished the race within
the time limit of 60 hours. One runner dropped
out after approx. 85 km (16 h) and the other
after approx. 194km (57 h).
Acknowledgment The authors wish to express their
gratitude to all runners and supporters of the
RUNEX123-project. Supported by Laboratory Dr.
Limbach colleagues, Heidelberg, Germany
Photos 1 and 2 Start and on the way.
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Centre for Sports and Exercise Science
RUNNING WITH BABYJOGGER METABOLIC COST,
MECHANICAL POWER, RUNNING ECONOMY AND DELTA
EFFICIENCY Ralph Beneke, Matthias Hütler
The babyjogger is a special baby carriage, which
is designed to combine nursing with running.
Whether and how a babyjogger impairs running
economy is not known. We analysed the effect of
pushing a babyjogger on metabolic rate and
running economy at moderate and heavy exercise
intensities.
Dad, shut up and run !!!!!
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Centre for Sports and Exercise Science
RUNNING WITH BABYJOGGER METABOLIC COST,
MECHANICAL POWER, RUNNING ECONOMY AND DELTA
EFFICIENCY Ralph Beneke, Matthias Hütler
The babyjogger generated a rolling resistance
(CBBJ) between 1.05 N at 0.6 m s-1 with a
simulated baby mass (BBM) of 10 kg and 4.5 N at
5.0 m s-1 with 25 kg. CBBJ increased linearily
with BBM and v (r 1.0, p lt 0.001) CBBJ
0.137 x BBM 0.324 x v 0.526
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Centre for Sports and Exercise Science
RUNNING WITH BABYJOGGER METABOLIC COST,
MECHANICAL POWER, RUNNING ECONOMY AND DELTA
EFFICIENCY Ralph Beneke, Matthias Hütler
Ran at exercise intensities of 50, 60, 70, and 80
of VO2max with and without babyjogger. The
babyjogger was loaded with 15 kg. At each test
the workload was increased with horizontal
impending forces generated via a pulley system.
Metabolic rate was calculated from VO2 above
rest and net lactate formation. Running economy
was expressed in terms of energy cost per kg body
mass per meter running distance. Delta efficiency
was calculated from metabolic rate and horizontal
impending forces generated via a pulley system
Nine subjects (age 25.7 2.7 yrs, height 171.9
6.3 cm, body mass 64.4 5.4 kg, VO2max 50.5
5.4 ml kg-1 min-1)
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Centre for Sports and Exercise Science
RUNNING WITH BABYJOGGER METABOLIC COST,
MECHANICAL POWER, RUNNING ECONOMY AND DELTA
EFFICIENCY Ralph Beneke, Matthias Hütler
Metabolic rate at velocities of 1.96 0.17 (50
), 2.38 0.24 (60), 2.79 0.29 (70 ) and
3.23 0.37 m s-1 (80 ) were 7.4 0.6, 9.1
1.2, 10.8 1.0 and 13.8 1.4 W kg-1 and
increased (p lt 0.01) with every step of velocity.
Energy cost per meter distance was approx. 5
higher (p lt 0.01) with than without babyjogger.
Babyjogger related increases of metabolic rate
and energy cost per meter distance were
independent of the exercise intensity. Delta
efficiency was independent of babyjogger related
increases in metabolic rate and energy cost per
meter distance.
Delta efficiency based on metabolic power and
additional tractional power
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Centre for Sports and Exercise Science
RUNNING WITH BABYJOGGER METABOLIC COST,
MECHANICAL POWER, RUNNING ECONOMY AND DELTA
EFFICIENCY Ralph Beneke, Matthias Hütler

• Running with babyjogger caused a relevant
  increase in metabolic power and energy cost per
  meter distance..
• This may change the classification of exercise
  intensities in the moderate and heavy intensity
  domain.
• The independence of the babyjogger-effect of
  running speed seems to indicate, that the
  babyjogger effect is mainly the result of a
  modified running technique.

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Centre for Sports and Exercise Science
MODELING THE BLOOD LACTATE KINETICS AT MAXIMAL
SHORT-TERM EXERCISE CONDITIONS IN CHILDREN,
ADOLESCENTS AND ADULTS Ralph Beneke, Matthias
Hütler1, Marcus Jung, Renate M. Leithäuser
The blood lactate concentration (BLC) after
maximal short-term high intensity exercise has
been frequently described to be lower in children
than in adolescents and adults. However, there
is rare if no evidence that differences in post
exercise BLC levels between children and adults
do reflect age and/or maturity related
differences in the ability of the skeletal muscle
to generate lactate. Whether age related
differences in BLC reflect specific BLC-kinetics
was investigated in 15 pre-pubescent boys (age
12.0 0.6 yrs, height 1.54 0.06 m, body mass
40.0 5.2 kg), 12 adolescents (16.3 0.7 yrs,
1.83 0.07 m, 68.2 7.5 kg) and 12 adults (27.2
4.5 yrs, 1.83 0.06 m, 81.6 6.9 kg). BLC
kinetics was analysed using a bi-exponential
4-parameter kinetics model under Wingate
Anaerobic Test conditions.
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Centre for Sports and Exercise Science
MODELING THE BLOOD LACTATE KINETICS AT MAXIMAL
SHORT-TERM EXERCISE CONDITIONS IN CHILDREN,
ADOLESCENTS AND ADULTS Ralph Beneke, Matthias
Hütler1, Marcus Jung, Renate M. Leithäuser
The model predicts the lactate generated in the
extravasal compartment (A), invasion (k1) and
evasion (k2) of lactate into and out of the blood
compartment (Eq.1). Eq.1 Rearrangement of
Eq.1 gives the BLC-maximum (BLCmax Eq.2), and
corresponding time TBLCmax Eq.3).
Eq.2 Eq.3
Wingate Anaerobic Test
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Centre for Sports and Exercise Science
MODELING THE BLOOD LACTATE KINETICS AT MAXIMAL
SHORT-TERM EXERCISE CONDITIONS IN CHILDREN,
ADOLESCENTS AND ADULTS Ralph Beneke, Matthias
Hütler1, Marcus Jung, Renate M. Leithäuser

• BLCmax and TBLCmax were lower (plt0.05) in boys
  (10.2 1.3 mmol l-1 and 4.1 0.4 min) than in
  adolescents (12.7 1.0 mmol l-1 and 5.5 0.7
  min) and adults (13.7 1.4 mmol l-1 and 5.7
  1.1 min).
• A was lower (p lt 0.05) in boys (10.4 2.7
  mmol l-1) than in adolescents (12.8 0.7 mmol
  l-1) and adults (13.8 1.6 mmol l-1).
• k2 was higher (plt0.01) in boys (2.87 10-2
  0.75 10-2 min-1) than in adolescents (2.03 10-2
  0.89 10-2 min-1) and adults (1.99 10-2 0.93
  10-2 min-1).
• No differences was found in k1 between boys
  (0.865 0.115 min-1), adolescents (0.692
  0.221 min-1) and adults (0.687 0.287 min-1).

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Centre for Sports and Exercise Science
MODELING THE BLOOD LACTATE KINETICS AT MAXIMAL
SHORT-TERM EXERCISE CONDITIONS IN CHILDREN,
ADOLESCENTS AND ADULTS Ralph Beneke, Matthias
Hütler1, Marcus Jung, Renate M. Leithäuser

• Lactate generated in the extra vascular
  compartment (A) shows a maximum during the third
  decade of life.
• No differences were found in A related to the
  muscle mass (AMM) between boys (AMM 22.8 2.7
  mmol l-1 kg-1), adolescents (22.7 1.3 mmol l-1
  kg-1) and adults (24.7 2.8 mmol l-1 kg-1).

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Centre for Sports and Exercise Science
MODELING THE BLOOD LACTATE KINETICS AT MAXIMAL
SHORT-TERM EXERCISE CONDITIONS IN CHILDREN,
ADOLESCENTS AND ADULTS Ralph Beneke, Matthias
Hütler1, Marcus Jung, Renate M. Leithäuser

• Age-related differences in the BLC-kinetics are
  unlikely to reflect differences in muscular
  lactate or lactate-invasion.
• Age-related differences in the BLC-kinetics are
  caused by faster -elimination of lactate out of
  the blood compartment and a smaller relative
  muscle mass in children.