Travel Behavior

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Travel BehaviorTransportation Demand Management

• Road Map 2020 Forum
• November 17, 2005

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Who Spends the Most on Travel?

• 9,300 x 146,000 vehicles
• 1,357,800,000.

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What is TDM?

• Transportation Demand Management (TDM) is a
  general term for strategies that result in more
  efficient use of transportation resources.

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Travel to Work
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Travel Products Walking Cycling
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Travel Products -- Transit
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Travel Products -- Driving
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Travel Product Characteristics

• Investment
• Operating Cost
• Planning
• Skill
• Range
• Time Convenience

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Travel Behavior

• Travel Budget
• Time
• Cost

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Driving Cost -- Ownership
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Driving Cost -- Operating
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Driving Cost

• Annual Driving Cost for Average Driver
• (18,000 km per year)
• Cavalier 9,300 or 0.51 /km
• Caravan 10,300 or 0.56 /km

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Coin-Operated
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Transit Cost

• Adult Fare 2.10 per trip
• Day Pass 5.50 per day
• Monthly Pass 57.00 per month

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TDM Strategies Should

• Reduces Investment
• Reduces Operating Cost
• Improve Planning
• Develop Skills
• Improve Convenience
• Save Time

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Evaluating Strategies

• Do they significantly change a basic
  characteristic?
• Who benefits? (Who is motivated?)
• How big is the impact?

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TDM Strategies

• Improve Transport Options
• Incentives To Use Alternative Modes and Reduce
  Driving
• Parking and Land Use Management
• Policy And Institutional Reforms

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Improve Transport Options

• Bus Rapid Transit
• Bike/Transit Integration
• Shuttle Services
• Tele-work (Telecommuting, Distance-Learning,
  Tele-shopping, etc.)
• Car-sharing

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Incentives To Use Alternative Modes and Reduce
Driving

• Fuel Taxes
• Parking Pricing
• Pay-As-You-Drive Vehicle Insurance
• Road Pricing
• Group Transit Passes

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Parking and Land Use Management

• Strong Commercial Centres
• Land Use Density and Clustering
• Parking Pricing
• Shared Parking
• Smart Growth
• Streetscape Improvements

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Policy And Institutional Reforms

• Asset Management
• Least Cost Planning