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ESTER BASED TECHNOLOGY

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Car makers and petroleum companies prize the rapeseed fuel for its high level of ... maintenance and repairs. 42. GASOLINE TOO? ETHOS works in Gasoline fuel as well. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: ESTER BASED TECHNOLOGY


1
ESTER BASED TECHNOLOGY
ETHOS FR
  • To make fuels Self Cleaning and Self Lubricating

2
WHAT IS AN ESTER?
  • An Ester is a product of the reaction of an Acid
    and an Alcohol.

Synthetic Esters
3
ESTERS IN NATURE
  • The most common esters found in nature are fats
    and vegetable oils.
  • Many esters have distinctive odors, which led to
    their widespread use as artificial flavorings and
    fragrances.

4
Some Common Esters
  • Methyl Butanoate smells like Pineapple
  • Ethyl Methanoate smells of Raspberry
  • Pentyl Ethanoate smells like Banana
  • Pentyl Pentanoate smells like Apple
  • Pentyl Butanoate smells like Apricot
  • Octyl Ethanoate smells like Orange
  • Source - Wikipedia Encyclopedia

5
Did you know?
  • That Biodiesel is Ester based?

6
Different Varieties of Biodiesel
  • RME Rapeseed Methyl Ester, from Rapeseed
    Products
  • PME Vegetable Methyl Ester, purely from
    vegetable products
  • FME Fat Methyl Ester, from vegetable AND animal
    products
  • FAME - Fatty Acid Methyl Esters
  • Source - Wikipedia Encyclopedia

7
SOY METHYL ESTER BIO-DIESEL
  • Derived from Soybean Oil
  • The most common Bio Diesel source in the US
  • Has a lower energy content than 2 Diesel
  • 89 less efficient fuel
  • Has a higher viscosity range than 2 Diesel
  • (1.9-6.0 centistokes vs 1.3-5.8 centistokes)
  • This helps offset the lower energy content
    through reduced barrel/plunger leakage resulting
    in slightly improved injection efficiency.

8
HISTORY OF BIODIESEL
  • 1853 - Scientists E. Duffy and J. Patrick were
    successful in the transesterification of a
    vegetable oil.
  • Metzner,Jim.Transesterification Turning Used
    Vegetable Oil Into Clear-Burning Biodiesel Fuel.

9
HISTORY OF BIODIESEL
  • 1898 Rudolf Diesels first Diesel engine with a
    flywheel at its base ran at the Paris, France
    Expo. It was powered by peanut oil.
  • Rudolph Christian Carl Diesel
  • Born 1858 Died 1913

10
HISTORY OF BIODIESEL
  • One of the first uses of trans-esterified
    vegetable oil was powering heavy duty vehicles in
    South Africa before World War II.

11
HISTORY OF BIODIESEL
  • During the 1920s Diesel manufacurers altered
    their engines to utilize the lower viscosity of
    Petro-diesel, which was much cheaper to produce
    than biomass fuel.
  • Since that time until the present day, Biodiesel
    just about disappeared as an alternate fuel.
  • Source - Wikipedia Encyclopedia

12
HISTORY OF BIODIESEL
  • 1990s France launched local production of
    biodiesel fuel (known as Diester)

13
July 13, 2001 BBI International
  • Car makers and petroleum companies prize the
    rapeseed fuel for its high level of oxygen and
    absence of sulphur, which give it a lubricating
    capacity seen as its main advantage. Diester
    also helps reduce engines' carbon dioxide (CO2)
    emissions, thus cutting harmful greenhouse
    effects, Nicol said. Diester is the best answer
    to reduce CO2 emissions,'' said Beatrice Perrier,
    an engineer at the French car maker PSA Peugeot
    Citroen , which produces engines that can use up
    to 30 percent diester without having to be
    overhauled.
  • The European Commission said last month that it
    planned to present proposals later this year
    requiring that all oil refineries mix a
    percentage of biofuel with petrol.

14
HISTORY OF BIODIESEL
  • From 1978 to 1996, the US National Renewable
    Energy Lab experimented with using Algae as a
    Biodiesel source in the Aquatic Species Program

15
ADVANTAGES OF BIODIESEL
  • Pure Biodiesel has a very low Toxicity Rating of
    greater of 50ML per KG.
  • This means that 3 liters would have to be
    consumed for an average person to cause death 50
    of the time.
  • This makes Biodiesel ten times less toxic than
    table salt.
  • Biodiesel can extend our Petrodiesel reserve

16
ADVANTAGES OF BIODIESEL
  • Biodiesel is the only alternative fuel to have
    fully completed the health effects testing
    requirements of the Clean Air Act.
  • The use of biodiesel in a conventional diesel
    engine results in substantial reduction of
    unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and
    particulate matter compared to emissions from
    diesel fuel.
  • The exhaust emissions of sulfur oxides and
    sulfates (major components of acid rain) from
    biodiesel are essentially eliminated compared to
    diesel.

Source National Biodiesel Board
17
DISADVANTAGES OF BIODIESEL
  • Biodiesel may degrade rubber gaskets and hoses in
    older vehicles (prior to 1992).
  • Fuel filters may become clogged with particulates
    due to the fact that biodiesel is a better
    solvent than petrodiesel and quickly cleans out
    lines and tanks.
  • Biodiesel has less energy than Petrodiesel.

18
DISADVANTAGES OF BIODIESEL
  • Biodiesel does produce more NOX emissions when it
    is burned because Nitrogen is more compressed in
    the organic form.

19
DISADVANTAGES OF BIODIESEL
  • The cost of Biodiesel is currently much higher
    than Petrodiesel.
  • Even at a low 5 ratio, there currently isnt
    enough supply of biodiesel being produced in this
    country to meet the demand, which will probably
    keep the price inflated for several years.

20
ETHOS to the Rescue!
  • Synthetic Esters CLEAN, just like Biodiesel,
    and
  • They are non-toxic
  • They are non-hazardous
  • They will also extend Petro-
  • Diesel reserves by Cleaning
  • and Lubricating engines.

21
Dr. Morton Fainman Dr. Fred Chorney
  • Early 1980 Chemists created an ester based
    formulae consisting of two straight chain
    carboxylic acid esters, one having a low
    molecular weight and the other having a higher
    molecular weight.
  • They discovered that the low molecular weight
    esters cleaned, and the high molecular weight
    esters lubricated, the inside of any
    reciprocating engine.

22
THE FAINMAN THEORY
  • Fuels can be improved to decrease deposits inside
    engines.
  • While at the same time increasing fuel lubricity.

23
US PATENT No.
4,920,691
  • May 1, 1990 a Utility Patent was registered with
    the United States Patent office.

24
How much is enough?
  • It was discovered that only a small amount of
    esters were required to be present in an engine
    to clean and lubricate it.
  • Less than 800 parts per million.
  • Thats less than 1 tenth of 1 percent.

25
ADDITIVE VS REFORMULATOR
  • ADDITIVE MEANS
  • A substance added in small amounts to something
    else to improve, strengthen, or otherwise alter
    it.
  • OR
  • a substance added to another in relatively small
    amounts to effect a desired change in properties.

26
ADDITIVE VS REFORMULATOR
  • REFORMULATOR MEANS
  • To Re-Formulate or develop again, To improve a
    theory or hypothesis.
  • THE DIFFERENCE IS
  • An Additive changes the specifications of the
    base it is added to, whereas a Re-Formulator does
    not.

27
CARBON BUILDUP
  • Causes pre-ignition and detonation
  • Causes loss of efficiency
  • Causes emissions to increase
  • Is harmful to the engine
  • Costs money

28
NO CARBON BUILDUP
  • Engine runs smoother, more efficiently
  • Lower Emissions
  • Engine lasts longer
  • Saves money

29
DECARBONIZATION PROCESS
CO
Begin Within First Few Minutes
After Initial De-Carbonization
Complete de-carbonization of the engine takes
time.  Each engine could respond differently.
30
IS ETHOS FR BETTER THAN BIODIESEL?
  • USING SYNTHETIC ESTERS IN PETRODIESEL
  • Gives all the cleaning and lubricating benefits
    of Biodiesel.
  • Less expensive than even 5 Biodiesel.
  • Results in even lower emissions when used with
    CLEAN Biodiesel.

31
CLEAN FUEL MEANS LESS EMISSIONS
Water and contaminants cause 95 of injector and
pump failures.
Filtration removes contaminants to less than 1
Micron in size.
Most fuels exceed the set limit of 2 milligrams
of contamination per liter.
32
DAVIE, FLORIDA
  • Filters were installed on the diesel pump for the
    town of Davie, Florida. Two days later, as fire
    trucks were being refueled, very little fuel was
    flowing from the pump. Upon investigation, it was
    discovered that a water leak had developed and
    contaminated the fuel in the main storage tank.

Since water cannot pass through most filters,
only a very small quantity of diesel fuel was
passing through. If the filters had not been
installed, the fire trucks would have been filled
with water contaminated diesel fuel. Had they
attempted to operate the fire trucks with the
contaminated fuel, it could have required the
engines to be overhauled.
33
Southwest Research Institute
  • September 2004 - National Biodiesel Board tested
    Ester Based Technology product, Ethos Fuel
    Reformulator, along with Biodiesel and got these
    results

34
Using ECD-1 Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel
  • HC output .090 g/hp-hr
  • CO 2.600 g/hp-hr
  • NOX 4.370 g/hp-hr
  • PM .214 g/hp-hr
  • Source- National Biodiesel Board

35
ECD-1 B20 Biodiesel
  • HC output .070 g/hp-hr -22
  • CO 2.530 g/hp-hr -2.7
  • NOX 4.650 g/hp-hr 6.4
  • PM .181 g/hp-hr -15.4
  • Source National Biodiesel Board

36
ECD-1 B20 Biodiesel Ethos
  • HC output .050 g/hp-hr -28.6
  • CO 2.420 g/hp-hr -4.35
  • NOX 4.650 g/hp-hr No Change
  • PM .175 g/hp-hr -3.3

Source National Biodiesel Board
37
Emissions Recap
  • ECD-1 only ECD-1B20 ECD-1B20Ethos
  • HC .090 .070 .050
  • CO 2.600 2.530 2.420
  • NOX 4.370 4.650 4.650
  • PM .214 .181 .175
  • All results are in g/hp-hr
  • Source National Biodiesel Board

38
CASTROL USA SAYS
  • May 28, 2004 Press release
  • The polarized ester molecules in Castrol GTX
    Start Up cling to an engines metal surfaces to
    provide advanced anti-wear protection.
  • Castrol Spokesperson
  • Kimberly Lancaster (401) 792-7080

39
OTHER FACTORS
  • Preventative Maintenance costs keep going up
    every year, ETHOS should stabilize this.
  • ETHOS protects engine parts from internal wear
    and tear.
  • ETHOS can increase the interval between oil
    changes and transmission overhauls.
  • This makes the total savings hard to estimate,
    but should exceed fuel savings alone.

40
Does ETHOS save fuel?
  • Millions of test miles show that fuel economy
    increases in fleets from
  • 9 to 19

How much savings is determined by how old the
fleet is, the current mechanical condition of
vehicles, etc.
41
ESTIMATED SAVINGS
  • Fleets using 50 gal per day per vehicle
  • 50 X 1.80 90 fuel costs X 10 9
  • 9 savings X 200 vehicles 1,800 per day

  • 9,000 per wk

  • 468,000 per yr
  • PLUS lower costs for
  • maintenance and repairs

42
GASOLINE TOO?
  • ETHOS works in Gasoline fuel as well.
  • Hybrid Vehicles should also benefit.
  • Emissions are usually reduced by 50 on vehicles
    older than 10 years.
  • Mileage usually increases 5 to 25
  • ETHOS raises Octane rating of Gasoline by 5 to 10
    points, depending on the ratio used.
  • ETHOS can make regular gas work in aircraft.

43
ETHOS in EVERYTHING?
  • Fuels
  • Crankcases
  • Transmissions
  • Power Steering Units
  • Hydraulic Systems
  • Gear Boxes
  • 2 Cycle Engines

44
Disadvantages to ETHOS
  • Gas and oil companies
  • Sell less fuel, therefore
  • They make less profit.

That will probably make them angry, and we dont
want to see anyone angry, but...
45
WHATS THE ENVIRONMENT WORTH?

46
DATELINE Oct 8, 2004
  • With a haze of pollution reaching dangerous
    levels over Paris, Frances government banned
    half of all cars from the nations capital on
    Wednesday.
  • Only cars with a serial number ending in an odd
    digit are permitted into the City of Lights,
    since the experimental ban started on an
    odd-numbered day, Oct 1. Emergency vehicles,
    electric-powered cars and cars with at least 3
    people also are allowed.

47
WHAT IS POSSIBLE?
During the Super Mileage Car Contest held in
August 2003 in Hiroshima, Japan, Team Fancy Carol
from Japan achieved a record fuel efficiency of
11,193 miles per gallon. While the high fuel
economy sounds great, most consumers would find
the car less than desirable due to the top speed
just over 15 miles per hour, the cramped position
of the driver, and the lack of amenities such as
a radio, air conditioning, or roll-down windows.
48
ETHOS is available Today!
  • Pays for itself, and More!
  • Reduces Emissions
  • Vehicles last longer, lower PM costs
  • Satisfies Environmentalists concerns
  • The Day After Tomorrow never happens
  • Soon we can drive in Paris again!
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