Title: ESTER BASED TECHNOLOGY
1ESTER BASED TECHNOLOGY
ETHOS FR
- To make fuels Self Cleaning and Self Lubricating
2WHAT IS AN ESTER?
- An Ester is a product of the reaction of an Acid
and an Alcohol.
Synthetic Esters
3ESTERS IN NATURE
- The most common esters found in nature are fats
and vegetable oils. - Many esters have distinctive odors, which led to
their widespread use as artificial flavorings and
fragrances.
4Some Common Esters
- Methyl Butanoate smells like Pineapple
- Ethyl Methanoate smells of Raspberry
- Pentyl Ethanoate smells like Banana
- Pentyl Pentanoate smells like Apple
- Pentyl Butanoate smells like Apricot
- Octyl Ethanoate smells like Orange
- Source - Wikipedia Encyclopedia
5Did you know?
- That Biodiesel is Ester based?
6Different Varieties of Biodiesel
- RME Rapeseed Methyl Ester, from Rapeseed
Products - PME Vegetable Methyl Ester, purely from
vegetable products - FME Fat Methyl Ester, from vegetable AND animal
products - FAME - Fatty Acid Methyl Esters
- Source - Wikipedia Encyclopedia
7SOY METHYL ESTER BIO-DIESEL
- Derived from Soybean Oil
- The most common Bio Diesel source in the US
- Has a lower energy content than 2 Diesel
- 89 less efficient fuel
- Has a higher viscosity range than 2 Diesel
- (1.9-6.0 centistokes vs 1.3-5.8 centistokes)
- This helps offset the lower energy content
through reduced barrel/plunger leakage resulting
in slightly improved injection efficiency.
8HISTORY OF BIODIESEL
- 1853 - Scientists E. Duffy and J. Patrick were
successful in the transesterification of a
vegetable oil. - Metzner,Jim.Transesterification Turning Used
Vegetable Oil Into Clear-Burning Biodiesel Fuel.
9HISTORY OF BIODIESEL
- 1898 Rudolf Diesels first Diesel engine with a
flywheel at its base ran at the Paris, France
Expo. It was powered by peanut oil. -
-
- Rudolph Christian Carl Diesel
- Born 1858 Died 1913
10HISTORY OF BIODIESEL
- One of the first uses of trans-esterified
vegetable oil was powering heavy duty vehicles in
South Africa before World War II.
11HISTORY OF BIODIESEL
- During the 1920s Diesel manufacurers altered
their engines to utilize the lower viscosity of
Petro-diesel, which was much cheaper to produce
than biomass fuel. - Since that time until the present day, Biodiesel
just about disappeared as an alternate fuel. - Source - Wikipedia Encyclopedia
12HISTORY OF BIODIESEL
- 1990s France launched local production of
biodiesel fuel (known as Diester) -
13July 13, 2001 BBI International
- Car makers and petroleum companies prize the
rapeseed fuel for its high level of oxygen and
absence of sulphur, which give it a lubricating
capacity seen as its main advantage. Diester
also helps reduce engines' carbon dioxide (CO2)
emissions, thus cutting harmful greenhouse
effects, Nicol said. Diester is the best answer
to reduce CO2 emissions,'' said Beatrice Perrier,
an engineer at the French car maker PSA Peugeot
Citroen , which produces engines that can use up
to 30 percent diester without having to be
overhauled. - The European Commission said last month that it
planned to present proposals later this year
requiring that all oil refineries mix a
percentage of biofuel with petrol.
14HISTORY OF BIODIESEL
- From 1978 to 1996, the US National Renewable
Energy Lab experimented with using Algae as a
Biodiesel source in the Aquatic Species Program
15ADVANTAGES OF BIODIESEL
- Pure Biodiesel has a very low Toxicity Rating of
greater of 50ML per KG. - This means that 3 liters would have to be
consumed for an average person to cause death 50
of the time. - This makes Biodiesel ten times less toxic than
table salt. - Biodiesel can extend our Petrodiesel reserve
16ADVANTAGES OF BIODIESEL
- Biodiesel is the only alternative fuel to have
fully completed the health effects testing
requirements of the Clean Air Act. - The use of biodiesel in a conventional diesel
engine results in substantial reduction of
unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and
particulate matter compared to emissions from
diesel fuel. - The exhaust emissions of sulfur oxides and
sulfates (major components of acid rain) from
biodiesel are essentially eliminated compared to
diesel. -
Source National Biodiesel Board
17DISADVANTAGES OF BIODIESEL
- Biodiesel may degrade rubber gaskets and hoses in
older vehicles (prior to 1992). - Fuel filters may become clogged with particulates
due to the fact that biodiesel is a better
solvent than petrodiesel and quickly cleans out
lines and tanks. - Biodiesel has less energy than Petrodiesel.
18DISADVANTAGES OF BIODIESEL
- Biodiesel does produce more NOX emissions when it
is burned because Nitrogen is more compressed in
the organic form.
19DISADVANTAGES OF BIODIESEL
- The cost of Biodiesel is currently much higher
than Petrodiesel. - Even at a low 5 ratio, there currently isnt
enough supply of biodiesel being produced in this
country to meet the demand, which will probably
keep the price inflated for several years.
20ETHOS to the Rescue!
- Synthetic Esters CLEAN, just like Biodiesel,
and - They are non-toxic
- They are non-hazardous
- They will also extend Petro-
- Diesel reserves by Cleaning
- and Lubricating engines.
21Dr. Morton Fainman Dr. Fred Chorney
- Early 1980 Chemists created an ester based
formulae consisting of two straight chain
carboxylic acid esters, one having a low
molecular weight and the other having a higher
molecular weight. - They discovered that the low molecular weight
esters cleaned, and the high molecular weight
esters lubricated, the inside of any
reciprocating engine.
22THE FAINMAN THEORY
- Fuels can be improved to decrease deposits inside
engines. - While at the same time increasing fuel lubricity.
23US PATENT No.
4,920,691
- May 1, 1990 a Utility Patent was registered with
the United States Patent office.
24How much is enough?
- It was discovered that only a small amount of
esters were required to be present in an engine
to clean and lubricate it. - Less than 800 parts per million.
- Thats less than 1 tenth of 1 percent.
25ADDITIVE VS REFORMULATOR
- ADDITIVE MEANS
- A substance added in small amounts to something
else to improve, strengthen, or otherwise alter
it. - OR
- a substance added to another in relatively small
amounts to effect a desired change in properties.
26ADDITIVE VS REFORMULATOR
- REFORMULATOR MEANS
- To Re-Formulate or develop again, To improve a
theory or hypothesis. - THE DIFFERENCE IS
- An Additive changes the specifications of the
base it is added to, whereas a Re-Formulator does
not.
27CARBON BUILDUP
- Causes pre-ignition and detonation
- Causes loss of efficiency
- Causes emissions to increase
- Is harmful to the engine
- Costs money
28NO CARBON BUILDUP
- Engine runs smoother, more efficiently
- Lower Emissions
- Engine lasts longer
- Saves money
29DECARBONIZATION PROCESS
CO
Begin Within First Few Minutes
After Initial De-Carbonization
Complete de-carbonization of the engine takes
time. Each engine could respond differently.
30IS ETHOS FR BETTER THAN BIODIESEL?
- USING SYNTHETIC ESTERS IN PETRODIESEL
- Gives all the cleaning and lubricating benefits
of Biodiesel. - Less expensive than even 5 Biodiesel.
- Results in even lower emissions when used with
CLEAN Biodiesel.
31CLEAN FUEL MEANS LESS EMISSIONS
Water and contaminants cause 95 of injector and
pump failures.
Filtration removes contaminants to less than 1
Micron in size.
Most fuels exceed the set limit of 2 milligrams
of contamination per liter.
32DAVIE, FLORIDA
- Filters were installed on the diesel pump for the
town of Davie, Florida. Two days later, as fire
trucks were being refueled, very little fuel was
flowing from the pump. Upon investigation, it was
discovered that a water leak had developed and
contaminated the fuel in the main storage tank.
Since water cannot pass through most filters,
only a very small quantity of diesel fuel was
passing through. If the filters had not been
installed, the fire trucks would have been filled
with water contaminated diesel fuel. Had they
attempted to operate the fire trucks with the
contaminated fuel, it could have required the
engines to be overhauled.
33Southwest Research Institute
- September 2004 - National Biodiesel Board tested
Ester Based Technology product, Ethos Fuel
Reformulator, along with Biodiesel and got these
results
34Using ECD-1 Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel
- HC output .090 g/hp-hr
- CO 2.600 g/hp-hr
- NOX 4.370 g/hp-hr
- PM .214 g/hp-hr
- Source- National Biodiesel Board
35ECD-1 B20 Biodiesel
- HC output .070 g/hp-hr -22
- CO 2.530 g/hp-hr -2.7
- NOX 4.650 g/hp-hr 6.4
- PM .181 g/hp-hr -15.4
- Source National Biodiesel Board
36ECD-1 B20 Biodiesel Ethos
- HC output .050 g/hp-hr -28.6
- CO 2.420 g/hp-hr -4.35
- NOX 4.650 g/hp-hr No Change
- PM .175 g/hp-hr -3.3
Source National Biodiesel Board
37Emissions Recap
- ECD-1 only ECD-1B20 ECD-1B20Ethos
- HC .090 .070 .050
- CO 2.600 2.530 2.420
- NOX 4.370 4.650 4.650
- PM .214 .181 .175
- All results are in g/hp-hr
- Source National Biodiesel Board
38 CASTROL USA SAYS
- May 28, 2004 Press release
- The polarized ester molecules in Castrol GTX
Start Up cling to an engines metal surfaces to
provide advanced anti-wear protection. - Castrol Spokesperson
- Kimberly Lancaster (401) 792-7080
39OTHER FACTORS
- Preventative Maintenance costs keep going up
every year, ETHOS should stabilize this. - ETHOS protects engine parts from internal wear
and tear. - ETHOS can increase the interval between oil
changes and transmission overhauls. - This makes the total savings hard to estimate,
but should exceed fuel savings alone.
40Does ETHOS save fuel?
- Millions of test miles show that fuel economy
increases in fleets from - 9 to 19
-
How much savings is determined by how old the
fleet is, the current mechanical condition of
vehicles, etc.
41ESTIMATED SAVINGS
- Fleets using 50 gal per day per vehicle
- 50 X 1.80 90 fuel costs X 10 9
- 9 savings X 200 vehicles 1,800 per day
-
9,000 per wk -
468,000 per yr - PLUS lower costs for
- maintenance and repairs
42GASOLINE TOO?
- ETHOS works in Gasoline fuel as well.
- Hybrid Vehicles should also benefit.
- Emissions are usually reduced by 50 on vehicles
older than 10 years. - Mileage usually increases 5 to 25
- ETHOS raises Octane rating of Gasoline by 5 to 10
points, depending on the ratio used. - ETHOS can make regular gas work in aircraft.
43ETHOS in EVERYTHING?
- Fuels
- Crankcases
- Transmissions
- Power Steering Units
- Hydraulic Systems
- Gear Boxes
- 2 Cycle Engines
44Disadvantages to ETHOS
- Gas and oil companies
- Sell less fuel, therefore
- They make less profit.
That will probably make them angry, and we dont
want to see anyone angry, but...
45WHATS THE ENVIRONMENT WORTH?
46 DATELINE Oct 8, 2004
- With a haze of pollution reaching dangerous
levels over Paris, Frances government banned
half of all cars from the nations capital on
Wednesday. - Only cars with a serial number ending in an odd
digit are permitted into the City of Lights,
since the experimental ban started on an
odd-numbered day, Oct 1. Emergency vehicles,
electric-powered cars and cars with at least 3
people also are allowed.
47WHAT IS POSSIBLE?
During the Super Mileage Car Contest held in
August 2003 in Hiroshima, Japan, Team Fancy Carol
from Japan achieved a record fuel efficiency of
11,193 miles per gallon. While the high fuel
economy sounds great, most consumers would find
the car less than desirable due to the top speed
just over 15 miles per hour, the cramped position
of the driver, and the lack of amenities such as
a radio, air conditioning, or roll-down windows.
48ETHOS is available Today!
- Pays for itself, and More!
- Reduces Emissions
- Vehicles last longer, lower PM costs
- Satisfies Environmentalists concerns
- The Day After Tomorrow never happens
- Soon we can drive in Paris again!