Title: Childhood Disorders
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2 Psychological Disorders
3Warnings
- Dangers of Categorization
- Dangers of Labeling
4How do we determine what is Normal?
- Facts or Values?
- Statistics?
- Social Norms?
- Harm to Self?
- Harm to Society?
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7Psychological Disorders
- Psychological Disorder
- a harmful dysfunction in which behavior is
judged to be - atypical- not enough in itself
- disturbing- varies with time culture
- maladaptive- harmful
- unjustifiable- sometimes theres a good reason
8Historical Perspective
- Perceived Causes
- movements of sun or moon
- lunacy- full moon
- evil spirits
- Ancient Treatments
- exorcism, caged like animals, beaten, burned,
castrated, mutilated, blood replaced with
animals blood
9Psychological Disorders
- Medical Model
- concept that diseases have physical causes
- can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases,
cured - assumes that these mental illnesses can be
diagnosed on the basis of their symptoms and
cured through therapy, which may include
treatment in a psychiatric hospital
10Psychological Disorders
- Bio-psycho-social Perspective
- assumes that biological, sociocultural, and
psychological factors combine and interact to
produce psychological disorders
11Psychological Disorders- Etiology
- DSM-IV
- American Psychiatric Associations Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth
Edition) - a widely used system for classifying
psychological disorders
12Psychological Diseases Disorders
- DSM-IV diagnoses
- http//www.psychnet-uk.com/dsm_iv/_misc/complete_t
ables.htm
13Psychological Disorders- Etiology
- Neurotic disorder (term seldom used now)
- usually distressing but that allows one to think
rationally and function socially - Freud saw the neurotic disorders as ways of
dealing with anxiety - Psychotic disorder
- person loses contact with reality
- experiences irrational ideas and distorted
perceptions
14Childhood Disorders
- Disruptive Behavior Disorders
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Conduct Disorder
- Learning Communication Disorders
- Mental Retardation
- Autism
15Brain Injuries
- Infections
- Trauma
- (CVA) Strokes
- Tumors
- Degenerative Disorders
- Nutritional Deficiencies
- Endocrine Disorders
- Toxic Disorders
- Epilepsies
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17Mood Disorders
- Major Depressive Episodes
- Manic Episodes
- Major Depression Disorder
- Bipolar Disorder
- Dysthymic Disorder
- Cyclothymic Disorder
18Mood Disorders
- Mood Disorders
- characterized by emotional extremes
- Major Depressive Disorder
- a mood disorder in which a person, for no
apparent reason, experiences two or more weeks of
depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and
diminished interest or pleasure in most activities
19Mood Disorders
- Manic Episode
- a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly
optimistic state - Bipolar Disorder
- a mood disorder in which the person alternates
between the hopelessness and lethargy of
depression and the overexcited state of mania - formerly called manic-depressive disorder
20Mood Disorders-Depression
21Mood Disorders- Suicide
22Mood Disorders-Suicide
- Increasing rates of teen suicide
23Mood Disorders-Depression
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25Mood Disorders-Depression
- A happy or depressed mood strongly influences
peoples ratings of their own behavior
26Mood Disorders-Depression
- Altering any one component of the
chemistry-cognition-mood circuit can alter the
others
27- These positron emission tomography scans of
the brain of a person with bipolar disorder show
the individual shifting from depression, top row,
to mania, middle row, and back to depression,
bottom row, over the course of 10 days. Blue and
green indicate low levels of brain activity,
while red, orange, and yellow indicate high
levels of brain activity.
28Mood Disorders-Bipolar
- PET scans show that brain energy consumption
rises and falls with emotional swings
29Anxiety Disorders
- Panic Disorder
- Generalized Anxiety Disorder
- Phobias
- Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
30Anxiety Disorders
- Anxiety Disorders
- distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive
behaviors that reduce anxiety - Generalized Anxiety Disorder
- person is tense, apprehensive, and in a state of
autonomic nervous system arousal - Phobia
- persistent, irrational fear of a specific object
or situation
31Anxiety Disorders
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
- characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts
(obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions) - Panic Disorder
- marked by a minutes-long episode of intense dread
in which a person experiences terror and
accompanying chest pain, choking, or other
frightening sensation
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33Anxiety Disorders
- PET Scan of brain of person with Obsessive/
Compulsive disorder - High metabolic activity (red) in frontal lobe
areas involved with directing attention
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35Anxiety Disorders
- Common and uncommon fears
36Anxiety Disorders
37Dissociative Disorders
- Dissociative Amnesia
- Dissociative Fugue
- Dissociative Identity Disorder
- Depersonalization Disorder
38Dissociative Disorders
- Dissociative Disorders
- conscious awareness becomes separated
(dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts,
and feelings - Dissociative Identity Disorder
- rare dissociative disorder in which a person
exhibits two or more distinct and alternating
personalities - formerly called multiple personality disorder
39Somatoform Disorders
- Body Dismorphic Disorder
- Hypochondriasis
- Somatization Disorder
- Pain Disorder
- Conversion Disorder
- Eating Disorders
40Eating Disorders
- Anorexia Nervosa
- Bulimia Nervosa
- Binge Eating
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42Women with abnormal eating habits were asked to
rate their body shape on a scale similar to the
one you see here. As a group, they chose ideal
figures much thinner than what they thought their
current weights were. (Most women say they want
to be thinner than they currently are, but to a
lesser degree than women with eating problems.)
Notice that the women with eating problems chose
an ideal weight that was even thinner than what
they thought men prefer. This is not typical of
most women. In this study, only women with eating
problems wanted to be thinner than what they
thought men find attractive (Zellner, Harner,
Adler, 1989).
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44Psychoses
- Schizophrenia
- Disorganized Schizophrenia
- Catatonic Schizophrenia
- Paranoid Schizophrenia
- Delusional Disorder
45Schizophrenia
- Schizophrenia
- literal translation split mind
- a group of severe disorders characterized by
- disorganized and delusional thinking
- disturbed perceptions
- inappropriate emotions and actions
46Schizophrenia
- Delusions
- false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur,
that may accompany psychotic disorders - Hallucinations
- false sensory experiences such as seeing
something without any external visual stimulus
47Schizophrenia
48Schizophrenia
49Personality Disorders
- Paranoid
- Schizotypal
- Schizoid
- Borderline
- Antisocial
- Narcissistic
- Avoidant
- Dependent
- Obsessive-Compulsive
- Histrionic
50Personality Disorders
- Personality Disorders
- disorders characterized by inflexible and
enduring behavior patterns that impair social
functioning - usually without anxiety, depression, or delusions
51Personality Disorders
- Antisocial Personality Disorder
- disorder in which the person (usually man)
exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing,
even toward friends and family members - may be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con
artist
52Personality Disorders
- PET scans illustrate reduced activation in a
murderers frontal cortex
53Causes of Psychological Diseases Disorders
- Genetic Predisposition
- Environmental Stress
- Injury
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55Personality Disorders
56Rates of Psychological Disorders
57 58PerspectivesTheories, Methods, Treatments
- Medical/Neurobiological
- Psychodynamic
- Behaviorist
- Socio-cultural
- Cognitive
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