Accelerator Advisory Committee Review AAC

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Accelerator Advisory Committee Review (AAC)

• Fermilab
• MAy10-12th, 2005
• Helen Edwards and Nigel Lockyer
• Co-Spokespersons

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Evolution of Accelerators
9km/13cm 69,231
14TeV/80keV 175,000,000 Technology of
accelerators has made huge gains
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Superconducting RF Module Test Facility (SMTF)
at Fermilab
Goal Develop U.S. Capabilities in high gradient
and high Q superconducting accelerating structure
in support of the International Linear Collider,
Proton Driver, RIA, 4th Generation Light Source
and other accelerator projects of interest to U.S
and the world physics community.
1.3 GHz ILC Cryomodule
DESY Cryomodule
Cold Mass INFN Build
4 Cavities US Build
4 Cavities KEK Build
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Some History of SMTF

• Collaboration formed before ITRP decision
• Goal was broad SCRF RD in many areas
• After ILC cold decision significant interest by
  Fermilab in moving ahead on ILC
• DOE Fermilab interest up in PD after BTEV
• GDE input is beginning (Barish)-deliverables
• New Director soon (Oddone)-evaluating situation
• Evolving goals likely
• Setup process to allow us to make decisions to
  achieve goals (Technical Institutional Boards)
• Good support this year by Fermilab- future bright

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SMTF Collaboration

• Collaborating Institutions (21) and their
  representatives
• Argonne National Laboratory Kwang-Je Kim
• Brookhaven National Laboratory Ilan Ben-Zvi
• Center of Advanced Technology, India Vinod Sahni
  
• Cornell University Hasan Padamsee
• DESY Deiter Trines
• Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Robert
  Kephart
• INFN, Pisa Giorgio Belletini
• INFN, Frascati Sergio Bertolucci
• INFN, Milano Carlo Pagani
• Illinois Institute of Technology Chris White
• KEK Nobu Toge
• Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory John Byrd
• Los Alamos National Laboratory J. Patrick Kelley
  
• Massachusetts Institute of Technology Townsend
  Zwart
• Michigan State University Terry Grimm
• Northern Illinois University Court Bohn
• Oak Ridge National Laboratory Stuart Henderson

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Superconducting Module Test Facility (SMTF)

• SMTF is envisioned as
• A multi-laboratory collaboration on SRF research
  development over a broad range of applications.
  The synergy of expertise will benefit all SCRF
  areas.
• A facility where different module types and
  linac systems can be tested (some with beam).
• An organization that will develop
  inter-laboratory collaboration (including non-US
  participation) on cold linac technology,
  including cavity fabrication, advanced processing
  methods, cryomodule development, and fabrication.
  
• The area specific to ILC will be carried out
  under GDE direction.
• Fermilab has proposed to host SMTF

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Motivations for SMTF

• Prepare to meet the needs for several ambitious
  SCRF accelerator projects being planned in the US
  
• Examples International Linear Collider
  FELs, Light sources, RIA, Proton Driver
• SMTF will
• Enhance SCRF technology capability in US to meet
  these project needs
• Effectively use existing SCRF infrastructure
• Upgrade infrastructure at Fermilab and elsewhere
  to fill in existing gaps
• Take advantage of synergy between projects eg. PD
  ILC
• Overlap of national and international experts at
  one facility allows exchange of ideas and thus
  unifies and strengthens approach to SCRF
• SMTF will allow US to
• Pursue broadly advances in SCRF technology to
  meet extend science goals
• Learn to reduce cost of new projects by using
  most advanced SCRF methods
• Build cooperation with and transfer technology to
  US industry (lags world abilities)
• Develop industrial base with view toward
  production and cost reduction
• Collaborate compete effectively with Europe and
  Asia
• National collaboration from many fields of
  science that broaden ILC support

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SMTF Organization Chart
FNAL
Institutional Board SMTF Co-Spokespersons One
Representative per Institution Project
Spokespersons Technical Board Chair
SMTF Co-Spokesperson Nigel Lockyer
Co-Spokesperson Helen Edwards
Fermilab Directorate Steve Holmes
Fermilab SMTF Steering Committee
Technical Advisory Board Chair Hasan Padamsee
RIA Ken Shepard Walter Hartung
ILC Shekhar Mishra Tor Raubenheimer
CW 4th Gen. Light Sources Electron-Ion
Colliders Electron Coolers John Corlett Lia
Merminga
Proton Driver Bill Foster
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FNAL SCRF Steering Committee Organization Chart
Laboratory Directorate
Associate Director for Accelerators
FNAL SCRF Steering Committee
S. Holmes, Chair H. Edwards, Deputy
SMTF Program
ILC Accelerator RD Program S. Mishra H. Carter
H. Edwards P. Limon P. Czarapata
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ILC Goals in Proposal

• International Linear Collider (ILC)
• Establish a high gradient, 1.3 GHz cryomodule
  test area at Fermilab with a high quality pulsed
  electron beam using an upgraded A0
  photo-injector.
• Establish a factory with infrastructure for the
  assembly of prototype cryomodules using cavities
  produced at collaborating institutions and
  industries.
• Fabricate 1.3 GHz high gradient prototype
  cryomodules in collaboration with laboratories,
  universities and US industrial partners. Test
  cryomodules and other RF components as
  fabrication and operational experience are
  acquired and designs are optimized.
• Demonstrate 1.3 GHz cavity operation at 35 MV/m
  with beam currents up to 10 mA at a ½ duty
  factor. Higher currents or duty factors may be
  explored if the need arises, but are beyond the
  present scope of the proposal.
• Develop the capability to reliably fabricate high
  gradient and high-Q SRF cavities in industry

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Proton Driver Goals Proposal

• Proton Driver (PD) Low Beta (b lt 1) Cavity
  Program
• Fabricate test structures and cryomodules for
  Proton Driver applications.
• Establish an area for high power, 325 MHz, RF
  testing of b lt 1 accelerator structures in pulsed
  mode (1 duty factor).
• Demonstrate operation at 27 MV/m with beam
  currents up to 8 mA at ¾ duty factor. Higher
  currents or duty factors may be explored if the
  need arises, but are beyond the present scope
  considered in this proposal.
• The Proton Driver also uses b1, 1.3 GHz cavities
  cryomodules that would be nearly identical to
  those for the ILC. There would be a significant
  overlap in ILC and PD RD activities in this area.

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CW Goals Proposal

• CW
• Fabricate the highest attainable Q-value
  cryomodules with emphasis on accelerator and
  deflecting cavities.
• Establish a test area with pulsed beam
  availability that will extend the reach of the
  present U.S. program in CW capabilities. This
  area will make use of the b1 pulsed test beam.
  Possible low current CW beams may be considered
  in the future (high current CW beams are
  available elsewhere).
• Demonstrate 20 MV/m CW cavity operation with Q
  values of 3x1010 for light source applications,
  with associated RF controls.

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RIA Goals Proposal

• Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA) Production
  Facility
• Clean and cold-test individual cavities after
  chemical processing.
• Clean and assemble cavities into cavity strings,
  forming a sealed unit including RF couplers, beam
  line valves, and vacuum manifold and valves.
• Assemble cryomodules incorporating the cavity
  strings.
• Cold test and high power test assembled
  cryomodules.

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Accelerator Physics Goals

• Accelerator Physics and SRF RD
• Construct and operate an improved photo-injector
  that would provide beam for the b 1 and CW
  module tests and be the centerpiece of continuing
  beam physics program for understanding and
  improving all types of facilities based on
  electron linacs, and the training of accelerator
  scientists.
• Begin a program of RD on high-gradient and
  high-Q SRF cavity design and construction.
• Establish a program of SRF material research to
  improve cavity performance.

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Cost

• The proposal presented in the following sections
  outlines an RD program for the next 8 years
  including cost and schedules (FY05-FY12). The
  budget has been planned with the understanding
  that the infrastructure, ILC and PD components
  and operation is managed by Fermilab. The
  component budget for RIA and CW areas are the
  responsibilities of the lead laboratories for
  these projects. The budget has been divided into
  the SMTF infrastructure part, the component parts
  for the four proposed areas and the operation of
  the facility. The operations budget includes
  support for training young scientists and
  engineers, who will be essential for the next
  generation of accelerators. The budget estimates
  are 23M for the infrastructure, 18M for the
  International Linear Collider, 6M for Injector
  Upgrades, 16M for Proton Driver, 2M for Rare
  Isotope Accelerator cavity testing, 9M for CW
  cavity research and finally, 22M for operations
  over a 8 year period.The requested MS funds is
  96M. Contingency has been estimated to be 10 on
  the operational costs and 25 on all other MS
  costs for a total estimated contingency of 20M.
  The total requested fund is 116M. The estimated
  personel for SMTF infrastructure is 149
  FTE-years, 622 FTE-years for operations, 80
  FTE-years for ILC, 30 FTE-years for the injector,
  26 FTE-years for CW, 7 FTE-years for RIA, and 88
  FTE-years for proton driver. The estimated
  FTE-years needed over all areas and operations is
  1000. The total budget includes the RIA
  hardware budget and FTE requested from SMTF at
  Fermilab. The RIA specific cost, such as the cost
  of cryomodules etc., is not included in the SMTF
  total budget.

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Summary

• SMTF is a timely and well motivated collaborative
  effort on SCRF
• Collaboration has now defined a structure for
  making decisions and moving forward
• Goals and deliverables are becoming more
  clear-still some evolution
• SMTF will establish the technical basis for
  proceeding on major new initiatives in SCRF
• We need strong support from community and funding
  agencies to meet these ambitious goals

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Tie ILC Goals to ILC-TRC Report

• From Chapter 9 of Summary
  of RD Work that Remains to Be Done for
  Individual Machines or Collectively for All
  Machines ILC-TRC/2003 Report
• Greg Loew (Chair) et al. http//www.slac.stanford.
  edu/xorg/ilc-trc/2002/2002/report/03rep.htm

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R1

• The feasibility demonstration of the TESLA energy
  upgrade to about 800 GeV requires that a
  cryomodule be assembled and tested at the design
  gradient of 35 MV/m. The test should prove that
  the quench rates and breakdowns, including
  couplers, are commensurate with the operational
  expectations. It should also show that dark
  currents at the design gradient are manageable,
  whcih means that several cavities should be
  assembled together in the cryomodule. Tests with
  electropolished cavities assembled in a
  cryomodule are foreseen in 2003.

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R2

• To finalize the design choices and evaluate
  reliability issues it is important to fully test
  the basic building blocks of the linac. For
  TESLA, this means several cryomodules installed
  in their future machine environment, with all
  auxiliaries running, like pumps, controls, etc.
  The test should as much as possible simulate
  realistic machine operating conditions, with the
  proposed klystron, power distribution system and
  with beam. The cavities must be equipped with
  their final HOM couplers, and their relative
  alignment must be shown to be within
  requirements. The cryomodules must be run at or
  above their nominal field for long enough periods
  to realistically evaluate their quench and
  breakdown rates.
• A sufficiently detailed prototype of the main
  linac module (girder or cryomodule with
  quadrupole) must be developed to provide
  information about on-girder sources of vibration.

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R3

• Improvements in the low level RF systems design
  is needed. The system is quite complicated and
  critical, with many functions (field control,
  feedback, piezo feedforward, interlocks, fault
  management) and requires very specialized
  expertise.
• There must be long-term testing of rf cryomodules
  to precisely evaluate weaknesses before large
  scale series production begins.
• long-term testing of multi-beam klystrons is
  required to quantify their lifetime and MTBF
• For the TESLA upgrade 800 GeV option, the
  capability of rf components (circulators, phase
  shifters etc) to handle a higher rf power must be
  demonstrated.
• Improvements (TESLA) of the source lasers are
  needed to improve its stability. beam klystrons
  is required to quantify their lifetime and MTBF
• The dark currents at the nominal operating field
  should be precisely evaluated.

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R4

• Understanding of gradient limits with
  electro-polished cavities is of great interest
  for TESLA, especially the 800 GeV upgrade.
  Studies must continue in this direction, in
  collaboration with other institutes and
  universities.
• Several alternatives or complementary solutions
  are proposed for the TESLA rf distribution
  system. They should be tested and evaluated in
  the long term.
• The study of polarized rf photcathode guns should
  be encouraged.