NATIONALLEVEL DROUGHT RESILIENCE BUILDING: KENYA CASE STUDY

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NATIONAL-LEVEL DROUGHT RESILIENCE BUILDING KENYA
CASE STUDY

• By
• Fatuma S. Abdikadir
• National Project Coordinator
• Arid Lands Resource Management Project
• Presentation made at the 2nd African Drought
  Conference at Safari Park Hotel, Nairobi, Kenya
  on 16th 18th October 2006.

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Outline of Presentation

• Vulnerability to drought
• Lessons learnt from past drought management
  initiatives
• Building resilience
• Achievements, so far, towards building resilience
• Current areas of emphasis for resilience building

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Vulnerability to drought hazard

• Livelihoods most vulnerable to drought hazard
• Pastoral, Agro-pastoral, and Marginal agriculture
• Major cause of chronic vulnerability is poverty
• Prevalence of poverty in ASALS is estimated at 60
  and 70
• Some of the other factors that worsen the
  vulnerability include
• High dependence on livestock declining livestock
  production poor marketing opportunities high
  incidents of conflicts fragile and rapidly
  degrading physical environment low investment in
  infrastructure and basic service provision
  inappropriate crop husbandry practices,
  inadequate extension services and human/wildlife
  conflicts.

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Lessons learnt from past drought management
initiatives

• Over emphasis on short term relief food aid as a
  solution to chronic and emergency food
  insecurity
• Inadequate Government's budgetary allocations for
  implementation of longer term sustainable
  development projects in ASALs
• Inadequate and late response to drought
  emergencies due to limited drought contingency
  funds
• Weak linkages between activities undertaken under
  preparedness, mitigation, relief and recovery
  phases of drought cycle management.
• Weak linkages with countries in the region
  (Greater Horn of Africa)

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Building resilience

• Building resilience is undertaken based on the
  Arid Lands Resource Management Project (ALRMP)
  model of drought cycle management (preparedness,
  mitigation, relief and recovery)

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(No Transcript)
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• 3.1 Achievements, so far, towards building
  resilience
• Establishment of community based drought early
  warning system in 28 arid and semi-arid
  districts
• Establishment of information, Drought and Food
  Security Coordinating Structures
• Kenya Food Security Meeting (KFSM)
• Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG)
• District Steering Groups (DSGs)
• Pastoral Associations
• Pastoral Development Network
• Livestock Marketing Council

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• Empowering communities to identify, implement
  and sustain their development priorities through
  community driven development
• Fostering an enabling environment for development
  in the ASALs through policy, advocacy and
  research. Draft policies developed
• Sustainable Development of ASALs
• National Disaster Management
• Conflict Management and Peace Building
• ALRMP also participates in development of other
  ASAL development related Policy documents
  undertaken by various line ministries
• Preparation of multi-sectoral drought contingency
  Plans
• Implementation of drought preparedness activities
  by ALRMP and other stakeholders.

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• 3.2 Current areas of emphasis
• Enhancement of implementation of long-term
  sustainable development strategies and increased
  service delivery as spelt out in the draft Policy
  for Sustainable Development in ASALs
• Livestock development
• Improvement of pasture in rangelands
• Water management
• Disease control
• Enhancing livestock productivity and marketing
• Water development
• Development of structures for harvesting of rain
  water
• Development of water storage structures
• Use of ground water where appropriate
• Exploration of potential for irrigation

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• Natural resource Management
• Strengthening community participation in natural
  resource management
• Strengthening community institutions for natural
  resource management
• Implementation of strategies for natural resource
  management at national and community levels.
• Crop development
• Promotion of rain-fed agriculture through the use
  of drought tolerant, early maturing and other
  suitable crop varieties
• Use of appropriate soil and water management
  techniques among others.

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• Conflict management
• Enhancement of community based conflict
  resolution mechanisms
• Strengthening of disaster management committees
  at district and community levels
• Finalization and implementation of policy on
  Conflict Management and Peace Building.
• Development of infrastructure, especially roads
• Construction, rehabilitation and upgrading of
  roads
• Other areas of emphasis
• Education, health, and Agricultural extension and
  research

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• More appropriate response to chronic food
  insecurity (protection of livelihoods) through
• Hunger Safety Nets Programme (GoK and DFID),
  project under preparation
• Income Generating Activities
• Livelihood diversification
• Disaster preparedness and mitigation activities.
• Timely and adequate response to drought emergency
  and recovery through implementation of Drought
  Contingency Fund
• GoK/WB(ALRMP)
• GoK
• EC, Drought Management Initiative
• Other stakeholders (will contribute to the fund)

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• Development of institutional framework for
  collaboration with communities, development
  partners and other relevant stakeholders in
  sustainable longer-term development initiatives
  in ASALs.

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2.3 Investment plan(10 years)

• To fully implement the investment plan in the
  stipulated time frame, sufficient resources are
  needed from the Government, Development Partners
  and other stakeholders.