Radio Frequency Identification

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Radio Frequency Identification
By Bhagyesh Lodha Vinit Mahedia Vishnu
Saran Mitesh Bhawsar
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Introduction

• Automatic Identification method for storing and
  retrieving data remotely
• Small object which is embedded inside a person,
  animal or any product
• A silicon microchip mainly Integrated Circuit
  attached to Antenna for Transmitting and
  receiving of data.

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Introduction (continue)

• RFID reader wirelessly communicate with the tag
  to retrieve information
• The Reader and tag communicates with each other
  through Radio Frequency

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RF Subsystem

• RFID Tags
• - Electronic device Affix inside any object.
• - Each Tag has Unique Identifier.
• - Has memory, environment sensors and security
  mechanism.
• RFID Readers
• - Communicates with RFID Tags
• RFID Tags and Readers are 2 way communication.

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RFID Tag Characteristics

• Identifier Format
• - Uniquely identifies tags
• - Data Format used is Electronic Product Code.
• - Four data fields

Header EPC Manager Id Object Class Serial Number
Specifies EPC type Uniquely Define the organization responsible Uniquely identifies class object Uniquely identifies instants of class object
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RFID Tag Characteristics (Continue)

• Power Source
• 1. Passive
• - Has no internal power supply
• - Incoming radio frequency gives enough power to
  CMOS IC to power up
• - Antenna is designed to collect power.

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RFID Tag Characteristics (continue)

• 2. Active
• - Has own internal power source
• - Uses for high power source, in water and may
  have sensors
• 3. Semi Passive
• - Has battery but only powers the IC and does
  not help in transmitting any signal
• - Usually stores energy

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RFID Security Controls

• RFID Usage Policy
• - Authorized and Unauthorized use of RFID
• Minimizing sensitive Data Stored on Tag
• HMAC
• Tag Memory Access Control
• Encryption of Data

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Authentication

• Assurance of identity of an entity at other end
• Secret Key or Public key Cryptography is used
• Public key Cryptography is more preferable since
  there is no key exchange and public key is
  transfer through digital signature
• Two methods
• - Zero Knowledge Protocol
• - Challenge Response Protocol

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Challenge Response Protocol

• Reader sends challenge to the RFID tag
• The challenge is encrypted public key made from
  private key
• RFID Tag decrypts the response with its on
  private key and result is same along with sending
  a response to the Reader
• RFID Tag has EPROM memory to store the private
  key with microcontroller to process the request.

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Challenge Response Protocol (continue)
RFID TAG With Authentication Mechanism
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Challenge Response Protocol (continue)
Protocol Implementation
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Applications

• Tracking goods during supply chain and
  manufacturing process.
• Controlled access to building or network
• Scanning objects
• Payment systems
• Airline passenger and baggage tracking made
  practical and less intrusive
• Authentication systems already in use (key-less
  car entry)

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Types of Attack

• Spoofing
• Incorrect data , e.g. wrong domains
• Insert
• SQL Injection
• Replay
• Original message replayed later
• Denial of Service
• Signal with redundant data flooding

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Attacks Cont.

• Blended Attacks
• attack the RF interface of a retailer

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Electronic Product Code

• EPC
• The EPC is the fundamental identifier for a
  physical object. Auto-ID
• Electronic Product Code Data Specification 1.0
  defines the abstract content
• of the EPC in the form of RFID tags, Internet
  URLs, and other representations.

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RFID Middleware Overview
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DES Encryption Algorithm