Radio Frequency Identification

1
Radio Frequency Identification
RFID

• Austin Rutkowski
• Naomi Shaw
• Jenelle Meeker
• Maggie Kwong

2
Agenda

• Introduction Overview Austin
• Supply Chain Management Uses Jenelle
• Other Current Uses Maggie
• Future Uses, Issues Conclusions Naomi

3
RFID in UseHollywood Style
Courtesy of Paramount Pictures
4
History of RFID

• 1939 - IFF transponder invented by the British
• 1945 - Léon Theremin invented an espionage tool
  for the Soviet government
• 1973 - Mario Cardullo holds the patent for the
  first RFIDa passive radio transponder with memory

5
What Exactly is RFID?

• Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is an
  automatic identification method
• Relies on storing and remotely retrieving data
  using tags or transponders
• An RFID tag is a small object that can be
  attached to or incorporated into
• products
• animals
• people

6
Types of RFID Tags

• Passive RFID tags have no internal power supply
• Semi-passive RFID tags have a small battery
• Active RFID tags have their own internal power
  source

7
Passive RFID Tags

• Response is more than an ID number / UPC
• Can contain nonvolatile EEPROM for storing data
• Lack of an onboard power supply means that the
  device can be quite small
• The minute electrical current induced in the
  antenna by the incoming radio frequency signal
  provides just enough power for the tag activate
  and transmit a response
• Least expensive RFID tag

8
Semi-Passive RFID Tags

• Faster because they do not waste time collecting
  power to transmit a response
• Batteries make it difficult to place permanently
• Much larger than passive tags

www.wikipedia.org
9
Active RFID Tags

• Active tags typically much more reliable
• More powerful and can function against the
  elements and interference such as radiation,
  water, electric shock, et cetera
• Battery life lasts about 10-15 years
• About the size of a coin

10
RFID and Supply Chain Management

• Two values for inventory systems
• Provides visibility of inventory throughout
  supply chain
• Simplifies the acquisition process and helps to
  prevent or reduce human errors

www.googleimages.com
11
Wal-Mart

• Top 100 suppliers required to apply RFID labels
  to all shipments
• Smart Shelves and automatic, hands-free
  management
• Benefit for retailers and suppliers
• Obstacles in applying the technology

RFID!
12
Department of Defense

• Mandate for RFID tracking
• Goals
• Improve forecasting through better visibility
• Increase accuracy of data and shipments
• 3G tag - Combining RFID with GPS and satellite
  communications

13
Effects on AIS / Accounting

• Shift in inventory costing method used
• Auditing the effectiveness of RFID related
  controls
• Influx of data produced in RFID system
• RFID in practice
• AICPA
• http//www.aicpa.org/pubs/jofa/nov2004/davis.htm

14
Pet Identification

• How does it work?
• Benefits
• Cost
• Data update required
• Lack of RFID pet tag standards

www.rfidnews.org/new
15
Animal Identification

• Livestock
• How does it work?
• Uses
• Feeding
• Disease control
• Breeding
• Endangered Species
• Uses
• Prevention of poaching / exporting
• Tracking population level

www.juicycoppertoes.com
16
Passport Identification

• U. S. RFID passports will be issued in October
  2006
• Pros
• Convenient
• Difficult to fabricate
• Cons
• Privacy issues
• Security concern
• Already in use in some countries

www.engadget.com
17
Automatic Payment Methods

• RFID-based automatic toll payment
• Contactless payment card pass credit card with
  imbedded chip near terminal
• Cash free / Wireless payment no card or
  signature required

www.wikipedia.org
18
Future Innovative Uses

• Smartkey-style office security
• Remote vehicle start
• Already in use by Toyota Prius
• Fully automated stores
• Traffic control
• Medical records
• Food expiry dates
• Driver licenses
• Human implants
• RFID toys

www.google/images.com
http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RFID
19
Emergent Business Models

• Manufacturing and provision
• Supply chain management
• Recycling and reclamation
• Data warehousing / management
• Litigation / regulation

RFID Manufacturing Process (www.stanford.edu/organ
icelectronicslab)
20
Controversy Issues

• Ethics
• Legality
• Vulnerability
• Environmental health effects
• Reliability
• A plot to track our every move???

21
Factors to Consider for Accounting and Business
in General

• Controversy, arguments against use
• Technical / architectural challenges
• Trend in specific industries for use of RFID
• Function and span of RFID

22
Resources Utilized

• Wikipedia http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RFID
• Design of a RFID case-based resource management
  system for warehouse operations.   By Chow,
  Harry K.H. Choy, King Lun Lee, W.B. Lau, K.C..
  Expert Systems with Applications, May2006, Vol.
  30 Issue 4, p561-576, 16p.
• Explosive RFID-tag growth projected in next 5
  years.   Control Engineering, Apr2006, Vol. 53
  Issue 4, p28-28, 1/3p.
• Graafstra, Amel. (2006) How to Create RFID
  Access for Your Front Door Extreme Tech Build
  it, Tweak it, Know it Available
  http//www.extremetech.com/article2/0,1697,1938953
  ,00.asp
• Kirk, Jeremy. (2006) RFID tags vulnerable to
  viruses, study says Computer World
  Availablehttp//www.computerworld.com/mobiletopic
  s/mobile/story/0,10801,109560,00.html
• Newitz, Annalee. (2006)The RFID Hacking
  Underground Wired Available
  http//www.wired.com/wired/archive/14.05/rfid.html
  .
• RFID. (2006) Definition of RFID Wikipedia, the
  Free Encyclopedia Available
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RFID.
• RFID Privacy Issues and News. (2006) RFID 1984
  Available http//www.spychips.com/.
• ID renders bar codes obsolete.   By Honaman, J.
  Craig. HHN Hospitals Health Networks,
  Apr2006, Vol. 80 Issue 4, p14-14, 1/5p.
• RFID Security Worries Need a Reality Check.  
  Computerworld, 5/1/2006, Vol. 40 Issue 18,
  p34-34, 3/4p.
• Risks of RFID.   Communications of the ACM,
  May2006, Vol. 49 Issue 5, p136-136, 1p.
• Tuning in to RFID.   By Borck, James R..
  InfoWorld, 4/17/2006, Vol. 28 Issue 16, p31-36,
  5p.
• Worlds First Mobile RFID Tag Encoder. (2006)
  ADASA RFID Innovation Available
  http//www.adasainc.com/index.html.

23
Thank you!

• We now welcome questions from the audience.