Chapter 1'Introduction to Material Selection

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Chapter 1.Introduction to Material Selection

• MATSE 346
• Properties and Selection of Engineering Materials
• Yong-Qian Sun
• Department of Materials Science and Engineering
• University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

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Chapter 1.Introduction to Material Selection

• Chapter 1.
• Introduction to Materials Selection
• Contents
• 1.1 Why do we need materials selection?
• 1.2 How to select materials an example.
• 1.3 Course objectives and structure.
• 1.4 Types of materials.
• 1.5 The vast materials world.
• 1.6 Tools for navigation in the materials world.
• 1.7 History of materials.
• 1.8 Life cycle of materials.
• 1.9 Materials selection process.
• 1.10 Nature of materials properties.
• 1.11 Key words.
• An interesting web page to explore the world of
  materials
• World of Materials at www-dmse.mit.edu/wom/

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Chapter 1.Introduction to Material Selection

• Chapter goals
• Appreciation of
• The importance of material selection.
• Classification of materials into metals,
  polymers, ceramics and composites.
• The vast materials world and tools for navigation.

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Chapter 1.Introduction to Material Selection
1.1- Selection

• 1.1 Why do we need materials selection?
• Importance of material selection
• All engineering products, except software, are
  made of materials.
• All engineers will encounter material selection.

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Chapter 1.Introduction to Material Selection
1.1- Selection

• Motivations for material selection
• Introduction of a new product of component.
• Improvement of an existing or problematic product
• New materials becoming available.

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Chapter 1.Introduction to Material Selection
1.2- Example selection

• 1.2. How to select materials an example

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Chapter 1.Introduction to Material Selection
1.2- Example selection

• 1.2. How to select materials (continued)

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Chapter 1.Introduction to Material Selection
1.2- Example selection

• 1.2. How to select materials (continued)

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Chapter 1.Introduction to Material Selection
1.2- Example selection

• 1.2. How to select materials (continued)

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Chapter 1.Introduction to Material Selection
1.2- Example selection

• Materials for minimum weight cantilever

CFRP carbon fiber reinforced polymer. GFRP
glass fiber reinforced polymer.
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Chapter 1.Introduction to Material Selection
1.2- Example selection

• Materials for minimum weight cantilever (con't.)

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Chapter 1.Introduction to Material Selection
1.3- Course objectives
1.3.Course Objectives and Structure
Three levels of understanding

• Awareness of materials
• Familiarity with materials and their properties
• Principles and practice in the manipulation and
  control of materials properties.
• Material selection at all levels.

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Chapter 1.Introduction to Material Selection
1.3- Course objectives
Chapter outline
Awareness of materials Chapter 2. Classes of
Materials.
Familiarity with materials Chapter 3. Primary
Properties of Materials.
Manipulation and control of materials
properties Chapter 4. Structure of Materials.
Selection of Materials for Mechanical
Properties Chapter 5. Mechanical Properties.
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Chapter 1.Introduction to Material Selection
1.3- Course structure
Text
Engineering Materials 1 An Introduction to Their
Properties and Application, 2 An Introduction to
Microstructures, Processing and Design. By M.F.
Asby and D.R.H. Jones, Butterworth-Heinemann
(1996)
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Chapter 1.Introduction to Material Selection
1.3- Course structure
References
1. Materials Selection in Mechanical Design M.F.
Ashby, Butterworth-Heinemann, 1992. 2. Metal
Handbook Desk Edition, ASM, 1997. 3. Engineered
Materials Handbook Desk Edition, ASM, 1997. 4.
Introduction to Materials Science for Engineers,
J.F. Shackelford, Prentice-Hall, 1994.
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Chapter 1.Introduction to Material Selection
1.3- Course structure
Homework, exams and project

• Homework assigned every Wednesday.
• Homework due in class the following Wednesday.
• Will be graded by TA and instructor.
• Discussion regarding grade to be made within on
  week of grading.
• Late penalty 10 per day.
• Weight 40 of final grade.

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Chapter 1.Introduction to Material Selection
1.3- Course structure

• Two Midterm Exams
• Closed Book
• One hour

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Chapter 1.Introduction to Material Selection
1.3- Course structure
Material Selection Project

• Two Students in a team.
• Start
• Draft report due Nov
• Final report due Dec.
• Weight 30 of final grade.

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Chapter 1.Introduction to Material Selection
1.3- Course structure
Possible projects

• Materials Selection for
• Aircraft landing gear.
• Automobile brakes.
• Car body panels.
• Jet engine turbine blades.
• Aircraft nose cones.
• Fuel tanks for aircrafts and cars.
• Free selection.

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Chapter 1.Introduction to Material Selection
1.3- Course structure
Academic integrity

• Honor code at University of Illinois at
  Urbana-Champaign. http//www.cso.uiuc.edu/admin_m
  anual/ code/index.html
• There will be no cheating, plagiarism,
  facilitation of cheating and plagiarism.
• Infraction of academic integrity will be dealt
  with according to university regulations.

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Chapter 1.Introduction to Material Selection
1.3- Course structure
Office hours

• Instructor 217 MMB.
• TU, The, 8-9
• ysun_at_uiuc.edu.
• 217 244 6692
• Ta

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Chapter 1.Introduction to Material Selection
1.4- Material Types
1.4.Types of Materials
Metals
Composite
Polymers
Ceramics
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Chapter 1.Introduction to Material Selection
1.4- Material Types
Sample Materials
Metals Al, Cu, Ni, Ti, Au, Ag, Alloys steel
(Fe-C), cast iron (Fe-C-Si), solder
(Pb-Sn), Invar (Fe-Ni), Rene (Ni-Al-W)
Polymers polyethylene (PE), polypropylene
(PP) polystyrene (PS) Teflon
(polytetrafluoroethylene), nylon
(polyamide), Kevlar (polyimide), rubber.
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Chapter 1.Introduction to Material Selection
1.4- Material Types
Sample Materials (cont.)
Ceramics SiC, WC, Si3N4, TiN, ZnO, ruby and
sapphire (Al2O3), quartz (SiO), sand and
stone, clay, porcelain, glass,salt.
Composites Polymer matrix fiber
glass, Kevlar fiber, carbon fiber. Metal
matrix oxide fibers and particles, WC
particles. Ceramic matrix steel
reinforced concrete
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Chapter 1.Introduction to Material Selection
1.4- Material Types
Basic characteristics
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Chapter 1.Introduction to Material Selection
1.5- Material world
1.5 The Vast Material World Elements in the
Periodic Table
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Chapter 1.Introduction to Material Selection
1.5- Material world

• Vast in number
• 103 of steels
• 103 of polymers

• Vast in properties
• Melting temperature from 220 to 3000 oC
• Density from 0.1 to 20 g/cm3
• Yield strength from 1 to 2000 Mpa
• Cost from 1 to 106 per kg
• Resistivity from 10-6 to 1020 ??cm

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Chapter 1.Introduction to Material Selection
1.5- Material world
Different processing methods

• Metals
• Casted
• Powder processed
• Cold rolled
• Hot rolled
• Etc

• Polymers
• Injection molded
• Blow molding
• Cold drawn

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Chapter 1.Introduction to Material Selection
1.5- Material world

• Vast in applications
• automotive
• aerospace
• chemical
• power generation
• infrastructure
• electronic
• domestic
• biomedical
• etc.

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Chapter 1.Introduction to Material Selection
1.6-Tools
1.6. Tools for navigation in the materials world

• Material property maps
• Performance indices in engineering applications
• Data books, handbooks and computer databases
• Awareness, familiarity, and understanding of
  materials

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Chapter 1.Introduction to Material Selection
1.6-Tools
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Chapter 1.Introduction to Material Selection
1.7-History
1.7. History of Materials
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Chapter 1.Introduction to Material Selection
1.7-History
Examples

• Chair

wood
? metal
? plastic

• Tennis racket frame

wood
? metal (Al,Ti)
? composite

• Aircraft propeller

? metal (Al,Ti)
? composite
wood
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Chapter 1.Introduction to Material Selection
1.7-History
Examples (cont.)

• Car body panel

? HSLA, polymer composite, Al alloys
wood
? steel

• Turbine blade of jet engines

? single crystal superalloy
steel
? Ni superalloys

• Replacement hip joint

? Ti alloys
? composite
Stainless steels
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Chapter 1.Introduction to Material Selection
1.8-Life cycle
1.8. Life cycle of materials
Raw materials
Basic materials
Engineering materials
Alloys, crystals, polymer
Ore, oil, rock, plants
Metals, powders, chemicals
processing
extraction
mining
recycle
manufacture
disposal
service
The earth
Waste
Production
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Chapter 1.Introduction to Material Selection
1.9-Selection process
1.9. Material Selection Process

• A systematic approach
• Convergence in material selection
• Divergence in property consideration
• Reiteration in material selection

Basic design function
Subset of Materials
Broading Property Range
Reiterate
Narrowing Material Subset
Final Materials
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Chapter 1.Introduction to Material Selection
1.10-Nature of properties
1.10. Nature of Material Properties

• Intrinsic properties
• Density
• Elastic modulus
• Melting temperature
• Specific heat

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Chapter 1.Introduction to Material Selection
1.10-Nature of properties
Microstructure sensitive properties

• Yield strength
• Fracture strength
• fatigue strength
• corrosion resistance
• formability
• electrical and thermal conductivity

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Chapter 1.Introduction to Material Selection
1.10-Nature of properties
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Chapter 1.Introduction to Material Selection
1.10-Nature of properties
Manipulation of properties

• heat treatment
• alloying
• mechanical treatment
• surface treatment
• composite materials, etc.

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Chapter 1.Introduction to Material Selection
1.11 - Key words
1.11. Key words

• Metals,
• Ceramics,
• Polymers,
• Composites,
• Vast materials world,
• Material property maps,
• Life cycle,
• Intrinsic properties
• Microstructure sensitive properties